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The Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex is a
galaxy filament
In cosmology, galaxy filaments are the largest known structures in the universe, consisting of walls of galactic superclusters. These massive, thread-like formations can commonly reach 50 to 80 megaparsecs ()—with the largest found to date b ...
. It includes the Laniakea Supercluster
The Laniakea Supercluster (; Hawaiian language, Hawaiian for "open skies" or "immense heaven") or the Local Supercluster (LSC or LS) is the galaxy supercluster that is home to the Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies.
It w ...
which contains the Virgo Supercluster
The Local Supercluster (LSC or LS), or Virgo Supercluster is a formerly defined supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which itself contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, as well as others. At least 100 galaxy group ...
lobe which in turn contains the Local Group
The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way, where Earth is located. It has a total diameter of roughly , and a total mass of the order of .
It consists of two collections of galaxies in a " dumbbell" shape; the Milky Way ...
, the galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galax ...
that includes the Milky Way
The Milky Way or Milky Way Galaxy is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the #Appearance, galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars in other arms of the galax ...
.
This filament is adjacent to the Perseus–Pegasus Filament. Astronomer R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawaii
A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...
's Institute of Astronomy identified the Complex in 1987.
Extent
The Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex is estimated to be about 1.0 billionlight-year
A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly , which is approximately 9.46 trillion km or 5.88 trillion mi. As defined by the International Astr ...
s (Gly) long and 150 million light years (Mly) wide. It is one of the largest structures known in the observable universe
The observable universe is a Ball (mathematics), spherical region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observation, observed from Earth; the electromagnetic radiation from these astronomical object, objects has had time to reach t ...
, but is exceeded by the Sloan Great Wall (1.3 Gly), Clowes–Campusano LQG (2.0 Gly), U1.11 LQG (2.5 Gly), Huge-LQG (4.0 Gly), and Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall
The Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCB) or simply the Great Wall is a galaxy filament that is the List of largest cosmic structures, largest known structure in the observable universe, measuring approximately 10 billion Light-year, light- ...
(10 Gly), respectively.
Sixty clusters comprise the complex, which is estimated to have a total mass of 10 . According to the discoverer, the complex is composed of 5 parts:
# The Pisces–Cetus Supercluster
# The Perseus–Pegasus chain, including the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster
The Perseus–Pisces Supercluster (SCl 40) is one of the largest known structures in the universe. Even at a distance of 250 million light-years, this chain of galaxy clusters extends more than 40° across the northern winter sky. The Perseus– ...
# The Pegasus–Pisces chain
# The Sculptor region, including the Sculptor Supercluster and Hercules Supercluster
# The Laniakea Supercluster
The Laniakea Supercluster (; Hawaiian language, Hawaiian for "open skies" or "immense heaven") or the Local Supercluster (LSC or LS) is the galaxy supercluster that is home to the Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies.
It w ...
, which contains our Virgo Supercluster
The Local Supercluster (LSC or LS), or Virgo Supercluster is a formerly defined supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which itself contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, as well as others. At least 100 galaxy group ...
(Local Supercluster) as well as the Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster.
With its mass of 10 , our Virgo Supercluster
The Local Supercluster (LSC or LS), or Virgo Supercluster is a formerly defined supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which itself contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, as well as others. At least 100 galaxy group ...
accounts only for 0.1 percent of the total mass of the complex.
The complex was named after the Pisces–Cetus Superclusters, which are its richest superclusters.
Image
See also
*Entropy
Entropy is a scientific concept, most commonly associated with states of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the micros ...
* Fossil galaxy group
* Galaxy group
A galaxy group or group of galaxies (GrG) is an aggregation of galaxies comprising about 50 or fewer gravitationally bound members, each at least as luminous as the Milky Way (about 1010 times the luminosity of the Sun); collections of galaxi ...
* Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galax ...
* Galactic orientation
* Intracluster medium
* Large-scale structure of the universe
The observable universe is a spherical region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth; the electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach the Solar System and Earth since the beginning of th ...
* List of galaxy groups and clusters
This article lists some galaxy groups and galaxy clusters.
Defining the limits of galaxy clusters is imprecise as many clusters are still forming. In particular, clusters close to the Milky Way tend to be classified as galaxy clusters even whe ...
* Supercluster
A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; they are among the largest known structures in the universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group galaxy group (which contains more than 54 galaxies), which in tu ...
* Timeline of galaxies and large scale structures
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex Astronomical objects discovered in 1987 Galaxy filaments