The pipits are a cosmopolitan genus, ''Anthus'', of small

passerine A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped'), which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by th ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...

s with medium to long tails. Along with the

wagtail Wagtails are a group of passerine birds that form the genus ''Motacilla'' in the family Motacillidae. The forest wagtail belongs to the monotypic genus ''Dendronanthus'' which is closely related to ''Motacilla'' and sometimes included therein. ...

s and longclaws, the pipits make up the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforest and the mainland of Antarctica. They are slender, often drab, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Like their relatives in the family, the pipits are

monogamous Monogamy ( ) is a form of dyadic relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. Alternately, only one partner at any one time ( serial monogamy) — as compared to the various forms of non-monogamy (e.g., polyg ...

and

territorial A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

. Pipits are ground nesters, laying up to six speckled eggs.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus ''Anthus'' was introduced in 1805 by German naturalist

Johann Matthäus Bechstein Johann Matthäus Bechstein (11 July 1757 – 23 February 1822) was a German naturalist, forester, ornithologist, entomologist, and herpetologist. In Great Britain, he was known for his treatise on singing birds (''Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel ...

. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

was later designated as the

meadow pipit The meadow pipit (''Anthus pratensis'') is a small passerine bird, which breeds in much of the Palearctic, from southeastern Greenland and Iceland east to just east of the Ural Mountains in Russia, and south to central France and Romania; an isol ...

. The

generic Generic or generics may refer to: In business * Generic term, a common name used for a range or class of similar things not protected by trademark * Generic brand, a brand for a product that does not have an associated brand or trademark, other ...

name ''Anthus'' is the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

word for a small bird of grasslands mentioned by

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ...

. Molecular studies of the pipits suggested that the genus arose in East Asia around seven million years ago (Mya), during the

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...

, and that the genus had spread to the Americas, Africa, and Europe between 5 and 6 Mya. Speciation rates were high during the

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the '' Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed ...

. Repeated dispersal between continents seems to have been important in generating new species in Eurasia, Africa, and North America, rather than species arising by radiation once a continent was reached. In South America, however,

vicariance Allopatric speciation () – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from ...

appears to have played an important role in speciation.

Extant species

The genus has more than 40

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

, making it the largest genus in terms of numbers in its family. The exact species limits of the genus are still a matter of some debate, with some checklists recognising only 34 species. For example, the Australasian pipit, ''A. novaeseelandiae'', which is currently treated as nine subspecies found in New Zealand, Australia, and New Guinea, once also included

Richard's pipit Richard's pipit (''Anthus richardi'') is a medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in open grasslands in the East Palearctic. It is a long-distance migrant moving to open lowlands in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is a rare but ...

and the paddyfield pipit of Asia, and the African pipit of Africa. In addition, the Australian and New Zealand populations could be split, or even that New Zealand's subspecies found on its outlying Subantarctic Islands be split from the mainland species. In part the taxonomic difficulties arise due to the extreme similarities in appearance across the genus. The family has an additional species, the

golden pipit The golden pipit (''Tmetothylacus tenellus'') is a distinctive pipit of dry country grassland, savanna and shrubland in eastern Africa. It is native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, and has occurred as a vagrant to O ...

, ''Tmetothylacus tennelus'', which belongs to a distinct,

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

genus. This species is apparently intermediate in appearance between the pipits and the longclaws, and is probably more closely related to the longclaws. One species, the yellow-breasted pipit, is sometimes split out into a genus ''

Hemimacronyx ''Hemimacronyx'' is a proposed genus of birds in the pipit and wagtail family Motacillidae. It contains two species that are usually treated as belonging to two larger genera, ''Macronyx'' (in the case of Sharpe's longclaw) and ''Anthus'' (in the ...

'', which is considered to be intermediate between the longclaws and pipits. The split was originally proposed based on morphological features, but it has also found support based upon genetic analysis. Formerly, some authorities placed the

Kakamega greenbul Kakamega greenbul (''Arizelocichla kakamegae''), is a species of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in east-central Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane for ...

(nominate) in this genus (as ''Anthus kakamegae'').

Description

The pipits are generally highly conservative in appearance. They are generally in length, although the smallest species, the

short-tailed pipit The short-tailed pipit (''Anthus brachyurus'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Mozambique, Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwan ...

, is only . In weight, they range from . The largest species may be the

alpine pipit The alpine pipit (''Anthus gutturalis'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Gui ...

. Like all members of the family, they are slender, short-necked birds with long tails and long, slender legs with elongated (in some cases very elongated) hind

claws A claw is a curved, pointed appendage found at the end of a toe or finger in most amniotes (mammals, reptiles, birds). Some invertebrates such as beetles and spiders have somewhat similar fine, hooked structures at the end of the leg or tarsu ...

. The length of the hind claw varies with the habits of the species, more arboreal species have shorter, more curved hind claws than the more terrestrial species. The bills are generally long, slender, and pointed. In both size and

plumage Plumage ( "feather") is a layer of feathers that covers a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies and may vary with age classes. Within species, ...

, few differences are seen between the sexes. One unusual feature of the pipits, which they share in common with the rest of their family, but not the rest of the passerines, is that the

tertials Flight feathers (''Pennae volatus'') are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired pennaceous feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges (), singular remex (), while those on the tai ...

on the wing entirely cover the primary flight feathers. This is thought to be a feature to protect the primaries, which are important to

flight Flight or flying is the process by which an object moves through a space without contacting any planetary surface, either within an atmosphere (i.e. air flight or aviation) or through the vacuum of outer space (i.e. spaceflight). This can b ...

, from the sun, which causes the feathers to fade and become brittle if not protected. The plumage of the pipits is generally drab and brown, buff, or faded white. The undersides are usually darker than the top, and a variable amount of barring and streaking is seen on the back, wings, and breast. The drab, mottled-brown colours provide some

camouflage Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the b ...

against the soil and stones on which they are generally found. A few species have slightly more colourful breeding plumages; for example, the rosy pipit has greenish edges on the wing feathers. The yellow-breasted pipit, if it is retained in this genus, is quite atypical in having bright yellow plumage on the throat, breast, and belly. Pipits are morphologically similar to some

lark Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae. Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only a single species, the horned lark, occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark oc ...

s, but the two groups are quite distantly related; the lark family Alaudidae is part of the superfamily Sylvioidea, rather than the

Passeroidea Passerida is, under the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, one of two parvorders contained within the suborder Passeri (standard taxonomic practice would place them at the rank of infraorder). While more recent research suggests that its sister parvor ...

, where the pipits are placed. Morphological differences between the two groups of birds are, in fact, plentiful. Anatomical differences include a differently structured

syrinx In classical Greek mythology, Syrinx (Greek Σύριγξ) was a nymph and a follower of Artemis, known for her chastity. Pursued by the amorous god Pan, she ran to a river's edge and asked for assistance from the river nymphs. In answer, s ...

, differences in the structure of the tarsi, and in many lark genera, the presence of a distinct 10th

primary Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Work ...

, a fourth

tertial In music theory, ''tertian'' ( la, tertianus, "of or concerning thirds") describes any piece, chord, counterpoint etc. constructed from the intervals of (major and minor) thirds. An interval such as that between the notes A and C encompasses 3 ...

, and feathers at least partially covering the nostrils.Alström, Per, Krister Mild and Bill Zetterström (2003) ''Pipits and Wagtails of Europe, Asia and North America''

Helm Identification Guides The ''Helm Identification Guides'' are a series of books that identify groups of birds. The series include two types of guides, those that are: * Taxonomic, dealing with a particular family of birds on a worldwide scale—most early Helm Guides ...

Bill shape differs between larks and pipits, with larks having an evenly sloping culmen, whereas most pipits have a small hump over the nostrils, and lark bills are generally heavier, reflecting differences in diet. Differences occur in the feather tracts of the two groups; while many larks have crests, no pipit does; pipits have only one prominent row of , whereas larks have two.

Distribution and habitat

The pipits have a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across most of the world's land surface. They are the only genus in their family to occur widely in the Americas (two species of

s marginally occur in

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S ...

, as well). Three species of pipits occur in North America, and seven species occur in South America. The remaining species are spread throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, along with two species restricted to islands in the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

. Some six species occur on more than one continent. Anthus triviallis (Marek Szczepanek)

As might be expected from a genus with such a wide distribution, the pipits are found in an equally wide range of habitats. They occur in most types of open habitat, although they are absent from the very driest deserts. They are mostly associated with some kind of grassland, from sea-level to alpine tundra. The rock pipit and South Georgia pipit are found in the rocks and cliffs of the seashore, whereas several species are restricted (for part of the year in some cases) to alpine areas. The family also ranges from the northern tundra and the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and the South Georgia group to the tropics. They are absent from tropical rainforest, but a few species are associated with open woodland, for example the

wood pipit The wood pipit or woodland pipit (''Anthus nyassae'') is a small passerine bird belonging to the pipit genus ''Anthus'' in the family Motacillidae. It was formerly included in the long-billed pipit (''Anthus similis'') but is now frequently tr ...

of southern Africa, which is found in open woodland savanna and

miombo The Miombo woodland is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome (in the World Wide Fund for Nature scheme) located primarily in Central Africa. It includes four woodland savanna ecoregions (listed below) characterized ...

woodland. The pipits range from entirely sedentary to entirely migratory. Insular species such as Berthelot's pipit, which is endemic to

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

and the

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Mo ...

, are entirely sedentary, as are some species in warmer areas like the Nilgiri pipit. Other species are partly nomadic during the nonbreeding season, like the

long-legged pipit The long-legged pipit (''Anthus pallidiventris''), also known as the long-clawed pipit is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae The wagtails, longclaws, and pipits are a family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to lo ...

of central Africa or the

ochre-breasted pipit The ochre-breasted pipit (''Anthus nattereri'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat ...

of South America. These seasonal movements are in response to conditions in the environment, and are poorly understood and unpredictable. Longer, more regular migrations between discrete breeding and wintering grounds are undertaken by several species. The

tree pipit The tree pipit (''Anthus trivialis'') is a small passerine bird which breeds across most of Europe and the Palearctic as far East as the East Siberian Mountains. It is a long-distance migrant moving in winter to Africa and southern Asia. The sc ...

, which breeds in Europe and northern Asia, winters in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, a pattern of long-distance migration shared with other northerly species. Species may also be partly migratory, with northern populations being migratory but more temperate populations being resident (such as the meadow pipit in Europe). The distances involved do not have to be that long; the mountain pipit of southern Africa breeds in the

Drakensberg The Drakensberg (Afrikaans: Drakensberge, Zulu: uKhahlambha, Sotho: Maluti) is the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment, which encloses the central Southern African plateau. The Great Escarpment reaches its greatest elevation – within t ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring count ...

and migrates north only as far as Angola and Zambia. Migration is usually undertaken in groups and may happen both during the day and at night. Some variation happens in this, for example, Sprague's pipit of North America apparently only migrates by day.

Behaviour and ecology

The pipits are active terrestrial birds that usually spend most of their time on the ground. They will fly in order to display during breeding, while migrating and dispersing, and also when flushed by danger. A few species make use of trees, perching in them and flying to them when disturbed. Low shrubs, rocks and termite nests may also be used as vantage points. Like their relatives the wagtails, pipits engage in tail-wagging. The way in which a pipit does this can provide clues to its identity in otherwise similar looking species. Upland pipits, for example, flick their tails quite quickly, as opposed to olive-backed pipits which wag their tails more gently. In general pipits move their tails quite slowly. The buff-bellied pipit wags its tail both up and down and from side to side. The exact function of tail-wagging is unclear; in the related wagtails it is thought to be a signal to predators of vigilance.

Feeding

The diet of the pipits is dominated by small invertebrates. Insects are the most important prey items; among the types taken include flies and their larvae, beetles, grasshoppers and crickets, true bugs, mantids, ants, aphids and particularly the larvae and adults of moths and butterflies. Outside of insects other invertebrates taken include spiders and, rarely, worms and scorpions. They are generally catholic in their diet, the composition of their diet apparently reflecting the abundance of their prey in the location (and varying with the season). The diet consumed by adults may vary to that of the young birds; for example adult tree pipits take large numbers of beetles but do not feed many to their chicks. Species feeding on the seashore are reported to feed on marine crustaceans and molluscs. A few species have been reported to feed on small fish, beating them in the manner of a

kingfisher Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania ...

having caught them. Rock pipits have also been observed feeding on fish dropped by puffins. These fish, which include sand eels and rocklings, were dropped by puffins being harassed by gulls. A few species also are reported as consuming berries and seeds.

Species list

The genus contains 46 species: Pippit-closer

(''Anthus richardi'') * Paddyfield pipit (''Anthus rufulus'') *

Australian pipit The Australian pipit (''Anthus australis'') is a fairly small passerine bird of open country in Australia and New Guinea. It belongs to the pipit genus ''Anthus'' in the family Motacillidae. It was formerly lumped together with the Richard's, A ...

(''Anthus australis'') * New Zealand pipit (''Anthus novaeseelandiae'') * African pipit (''Anthus cinnamomeus'') * Mountain pipit (''Anthus hoeschi'') * Blyth's pipit (''Anthus godlewskii'') * Tawny pipit (''Anthus campestris'') *

Long-billed pipit The long-billed pipit or brown rock pipit (''Anthus similis'') is a passerine bird which has a wide distribution. A number of subspecies have been created for the populations in Africa, through the Arabian peninsula and South Asia. The systematic ...

(''Anthus similis'') *

Nicholson's pipit Nicholson's pipit (''Anthus nicholsoni'') is a small passerine bird belonging to the pipit genus ''Anthus'' in the family Motacillidae. It was formerly included with the long-billed pipit The long-billed pipit or brown rock pipit (''Anthus ...

(''Anthus nicholsoni'') *

Wood pipit The wood pipit or woodland pipit (''Anthus nyassae'') is a small passerine bird belonging to the pipit genus ''Anthus'' in the family Motacillidae. It was formerly included in the long-billed pipit (''Anthus similis'') but is now frequently tr ...

(''Anthus nyassae'') *

Buffy pipit The buffy pipit (''Anthus vaalensis'') is a species of bird in the Motacillidae family. It is found in plains and open countryside in southern and eastern Africa. The IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern. Taxonomy ...

(''Anthus vaalensis'') * Plain-backed pipit (''Anthus leucophrys'') *

Long-legged pipit The long-legged pipit (''Anthus pallidiventris''), also known as the long-clawed pipit is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae The wagtails, longclaws, and pipits are a family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to lo ...

(''Anthus pallidiventris'') *

Meadow pipit The meadow pipit (''Anthus pratensis'') is a small passerine bird, which breeds in much of the Palearctic, from southeastern Greenland and Iceland east to just east of the Ural Mountains in Russia, and south to central France and Romania; an isol ...

(''Anthus pratensis'') *

Tree pipit The tree pipit (''Anthus trivialis'') is a small passerine bird which breeds across most of Europe and the Palearctic as far East as the East Siberian Mountains. It is a long-distance migrant moving in winter to Africa and southern Asia. The sc ...

(''Anthus trivialis'') *

Olive-backed pipit The olive-backed pipit (''Anthus hodgsoni'') is a small passerine bird of the pipit (''Anthus'') genus, which breeds across southern, north central and eastern Asia, as well as in the north-eastern European Russia. It is a long-distance migrant ...

(''Anthus hodgsoni'') *

Pechora pipit The Pechora pipit (''Anthus gustavi'') is a small passerine bird which breeds in the East Palearctic tundra and densely vegetated areas near river banks ranges from the Pechora River to the Chukchi Peninsula. It also breeds in Kamchatka and the ...

(''Anthus gustavi'') * Rosy pipit (''Anthus roseatus'') * Red-throated pipit (''Anthus cervinus'') * Buff-bellied pipit (''Anthus rubescens'') * Water pipit (''Anthus spinoletta'') * European rock pipit (''Anthus petrosus'') * Nilgiri pipit (''Anthus nilghiriensis'') * Upland pipit (''Anthus sylvanus'') * Berthelot's pipit (''Anthus berthelotii'') *

Striped pipit The striped pipit (''Anthus lineiventris'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae, which is native to Africa southwards of the equator. Range and habitat It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, DRC, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambiqu ...

(''Anthus lineiventris'') *

African rock pipit The African rock pipit (''Anthus crenatus''), also known as the yellow-tufted pipit, is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in the high-altitude, rocky grasslands of South Africa and Lesotho. Taxonomy and Systematics Th ...

(''Anthus crenatus'') *

Short-tailed pipit The short-tailed pipit (''Anthus brachyurus'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Mozambique, Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwan ...

(''Anthus brachyurus'') *

Bushveld pipit The bushveld pipit (''Anthus caffer''), also known as bush pipit or little pipit, is a species of bird in the pipit and wagtail family Motacillidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Ta ...

(''Anthus caffer'') *

Sokoke pipit The Sokoke pipit (''Anthus sokokensis'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat dest ...

(''Anthus sokokensis'') *

Malindi pipit The Malindi pipit (''Anthus melindae'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae The wagtails, longclaws, and pipits are a family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Around 70 species occur in five genera ...

(''Anthus melindae'') * Yellow-breasted pipit (''Anthus chloris'') *

Alpine pipit The alpine pipit (''Anthus gutturalis'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Gui ...

(''Anthus gutturalis'') * Madanga (''Anthus ruficollis'') * Sprague's pipit (''Anthus spragueii'') *

Yellowish pipit The yellowish pipit (''Anthus chii'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Its natural habita ...

(''Anthus chii'') *

Peruvian pipit The Peruvian pipit (''Anthus peruvianus'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae The wagtails, longclaws, and pipits are a family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Around 70 species occur in five gene ...

(''Anthus peruvianus'') *

Short-billed pipit The short-billed pipit (''Anthus furcatus'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are temperate grassland and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grasslan ...

(''Anthus furcatus'') *

Puna pipit The Puna pipit (''Anthus brevirostris'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae native to South America.

(''Anthus brevirostris'') * Pampas pipit (''Anthus chacoensis'') *

Correndera pipit The correndera pipit (''Anthus correndera'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor ( ...

(''Anthus correndera'') * South Georgia pipit (''Anthus antarcticus'') *

Ochre-breasted pipit The ochre-breasted pipit (''Anthus nattereri'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat ...

(''Anthus nattereri'') *

Hellmayr's pipit Hellmayr's pipit (''Anthus hellmayri'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are temperate grassland A grassland is an area where ...

(''Anthus hellmayri'') *

Paramo pipit The paramo pipit (''Anthus bogotensis'') is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland A gr ...

(''Anthus bogotensis'')

References

External links

Pipit videos
on the Internet Bird Collection {{Taxonbar, from=Q193807 * Taxa named by Johann Matthäus Bechstein