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Pinellas County (, ) is located on the west central coast of the U.S. state of
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
. As of the 2020 census, the population was 959,107, making it the seventh-most populous county in the state. It is also the most densely populated county in Florida, with 1,326 residents per square kilometre. The county is part of the
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area The Tampa Bay area is a major metropolitan area surrounding Tampa Bay on the Gulf Coast of Florida in the United States. It includes the main cities of Tampa, St. Petersburg, and Clearwater. It is the 17th-largest metropolitan area in the Unit ...
. Clearwater is the
county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equiva ...
.
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
is the largest city in the county, as well as the largest city in Florida that is not a county seat.


History


Pre-European settlement

The first evidence of human habitation in what is now Pinellas County comes from
Weedon Island The Weedon Island Preserve is a 3,190-acre natural area situated along the western shore of Tampa Bay and located at 1800 Weedon Drive NE, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is predominately an estuarine preserve composed of upland and ...
. Various stone tools dated to the Middle Archaic Period (5000-3000 BCE) have been found on the island. When Europeans first reached the Pinellas peninsula, the Tampa Bay area was inhabited by people of the Safety Harbor culture. The Safety Harbor culture area was divided into
chiefdom A chiefdom is a political organization of people representation (politics), represented or government, governed by a tribal chief, chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless society, stateless, state (polity) ...
s. One documented chiefdom in what is now Pinellas County was that of the
Tocobaga Tocobaga (occasionally Tocopaca) was the name of a chiefdom of Native Americans, its chief, and its principal town during the 16th century. The chiefdom was centered around the northern end of Old Tampa Bay, the arm of Tampa Bay that extends betw ...
, who occupied a town and large temple mound, the
Safety Harbor site The Safety Harbor site is an archaeological site in Philippe Park at 2525 Philippe Parkway in Safety Harbor, Florida, United States. It is the type site for the Safety Harbor culture, and includes the largest remaining mound in the Tampa Ba ...
, overlooking Safety Harbor in what is now the eponymous town of
Safety Harbor Safety Harbor is a city on the west shore of Tampa Bay in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. It was settled in 1823 and incorporated in 1917. The population was 17,072 at the 2020 census. History The area has been inhabited since the Stone ...
.


Spanish and British Florida

During the early 16th century
Spanish explorers Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine ** Spanish history **Spanish culture ...
discovered and slowly began exploring Florida, including Tampa Bay. In 1528
Pánfilo de Narváez Pánfilo de Narváez (; born 1470 or 1478, died 1528) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' and soldier in the Americas. Born in Spain, he first sailed to the island of Jamaica (then Santiago) in 1510 as a soldier. Pánfilo participated in the conque ...
landed in Pinellas, and 10 years later
Hernando de Soto Hernando de Soto (; ; 1497 – 21 May 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula. He played an important role in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, ...
is
thought In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation. Their most paradigmatic forms are judging, reasoning, concept formation, problem solving, and de ...
to have explored the
Tampa Bay area The Tampa Bay area is a major metropolitan area surrounding Tampa Bay on the Gulf Coast of Florida in the United States. It includes the main cities of Tampa, Florida, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Florida, St. Petersburg, and Clearwater, Florida, Clea ...
. By the early 18th century the Tocobaga had been virtually annihilated, having fallen victim to European diseases from which they had no immunity, as well as European conflicts. Later Spanish explorers named the area ''Punta Piñal'' (Spanish for "Point of Pines" or "Piney Point"). After trading hands multiple times between the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
and the
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...
, Spain finally ceded Florida to the United States in 1821, and in 1823 the U.S. Army established
Fort Brooke Fort Brooke was a historical military post established at the mouth of the Hillsborough River (Florida), Hillsborough River in present-day Tampa, Florida in 1824. Its original purpose was to serve as a check on and trading post for the native S ...
(later
Tampa Tampa ( ) is a city on the Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. Tampa's borders include the north shore of Tampa Bay and the east shore of Old Tampa Bay. Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay area and t ...
).


Settlement of West Hillsborough

In 1834 much of west central Florida, including the Pinellas peninsula (then known simply as ''West Hillsborough''), was organized as Hillsborough County. The very next year
Odet Philippe Odet Philippe was the first permanent, non-native settler on the Pinellas County, Pinellas peninsula in what is now the state of Florida, acquiring of land in what is today Safety Harbor in 1842. He was a successful businessman who introduced ci ...
, a French Huguenot from Charleston, South Carolina became the first permanent, non-native resident of the peninsula when he established a plantation near the site of the Tocobaga village in Safety Harbor. It was Philippe who first introduced both
citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ''Citrus'' is nativ ...
culture and
cigar A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and Fermentation, fermented tobacco leaves made to be Tobacco smoking, smoked. Cigars are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes. Since the 20th century, almost all cigars are made of three distinct comp ...
-making to Florida. Around the same time, the United States Army began construction of
Fort Harrison Fort Harrison, later renamed Fort Burnham, was an important component of the Confederate defenses of Richmond during the American Civil War. Named after Lieutenant William Harrison, a Confederate engineer,Hannings, p. 566 it was the largest in th ...
, named after
William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773April 4, 1841) was the ninth president of the United States, serving from March 4 to April 4, 1841, the shortest presidency in U.S. history. He was also the first U.S. president to die in office, causin ...
, as a rest post for soldiers from nearby Fort Brooke during the
Second Seminole War The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between the United States and groups of people collectively known as Seminoles, consisting of Muscogee, Creek and Black Seminoles as well as oth ...
. The new fort was located on a bluff overlooking Clear Water Harbor, which later became part of an early 20th-century residential development (now historic district) called Harbor Oaks. University of South Florida archaeologists excavated the site in 1977 after Alfred C. Wyllie discovered an underground ammunition bunker while digging a swimming pool on his estate. Clearwater would later become the first organized community on the peninsula as well as the site of its first post office. The
Armed Occupation Act The Florida Armed Occupation Act of 1842 () was passed as an incentive to grow the population of Florida. The Act granted of unsettled land south of the line separating townships 9 and 10 South (an east–west line about north of Palatka a ...
, passed in 1842, encouraged further settlement of Pinellas, like all of Florida, by offering 160 acres (0.65 km2) to anyone who would bear arms and cultivate the land. Pioneer families like the Booths, the Coachmans, the Marstons, and the McMullens established homesteads in the area in the years following, planting more citrus groves and raising cattle. During the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
, many residents fought for the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or Dixieland, was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United State ...
. Brothers James and Daniel McMullen were members of the Confederate
Cow Cavalry The 1st Florida Battalion Special Cavalry , nicknamed the "Cow Cavalry", was a Confederate States Army cavalry unit from Florida during the American Civil War. Commanded by Charles James Munnerlyn; it was organized to protect herds of cattle from ...
, driving Florida cattle to Georgia and the Carolinas to help sustain the war effort. John W. Marston served in the 9th Florida Regiment as a part of the Appomattox Campaign. Many other residents served in other capacities. Otherwise the peninsula had virtually no significance during the war, and the war largely passed the area by. On September 27, 1848, a strong hurricane struck the West Coast of Florida. It separated the barrier island on the coast and created a waterway known today as John's Pass. John Levique, along with Joseph Silva, was the one who discovered it and named it after himself and is now a federally owned canal.
Tarpon Springs Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 25,117 at the 2020 census. As of ...
became West Hillsborough's first incorporated city in 1887, and in 1888 the
Orange Belt Railway The Orange Belt Railway (later known as the Sanford & St. Petersburg Railroad) was a narrow gauge railroad established in 1885 by Russian exile Peter Demens in Florida. It was one of the longest narrow gauge railroads in the United States at t ...
was extended into the southern portion of the peninsula. Railroad owner
Peter Demens Peter Demens ( – January 21, 1919),''Full Steam Ahead! The Story of Peter Demens. Founder of St. Petersburg, Florida.'' Albert Parry. p. 4 & p. 47 Great Outdoors Publishing Company. 1987. born Pyotr Alekseyevich Dementyev (), was a Russian no ...
named the town that grew near the railroad's terminus
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
in honor of his hometown. The town would incorporate in 1892. Other major towns in the county incorporated during this time were Clearwater (1891),
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
(1899), and Largo (1905). Construction of Fort De Soto, on Mullet Key facing the mouth of Tampa Bay, was begun in 1898 during the
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
to protect Tampa Bay from potential invading forces. The fort, a subpost of Fort Dade on adjacent
Egmont Key Egmont may refer to: * Egmont Group, a media corporation founded and rooted in Copenhagen, Denmark * Egmond family (often spelled "Egmont"), an influential Dutch family, lords of the town of Egmond ** Lamoral, Count of Egmont (1522–1568), the bes ...
(which lies in the mouth of Tampa Bay), was equipped with artillery and mortar batteries.


Birth of Pinellas County

Even into the early years of the 20th century, West Hillsborough had no paved roads, and transportation posed a major challenge. A trip to the county seat, across the bay in Tampa, was generally an overnight affair and the automobiles that existed on the peninsula at that time would frequently become bogged down in the muck after rainstorms. Angry at what was perceived as neglect by the county government, residents of Pinellas began a push to secede from Hillsborough. They succeeded, and on January 1, 1912, Pinellas County came into being. The peninsula, along with a small part of the mainland were incorporated into the new county.


Land boom and prohibition

Aviation history was made in St. Petersburg on January 1, 1914, when
Tony Jannus Antony Habersack Jannus, more familiarly known as Tony Jannus (July 22, 1889 – October 12, 1916), was an early American pilot whose aerial exploits were widely publicized in aviation's pre-World War I period. He flew the first airplane from ...
made the world's first scheduled commercial airline flight with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line from St. Petersburg to Tampa. The popular open-air St. Petersburg concert venue
Jannus Live Jannus Live (originally known as Jannus Landing) is an outdoor music venue in St. Petersburg, Florida. Located in the Downtown St. Petersburg Historic District, the courtyard venue has hosted numerous concerts for local and mainstream artists. T ...
(formerly known as Jannus Landing) memorializes the flight. The early 1920s saw the beginning of a land boom in much of Florida, including Pinellas. During this period municipalities issued a large number of bonds to keep pace with the needed infrastructure, such as roads and bridges. The travel time to Tampa was cut in half—from —by the opening of the
Gandy Bridge Gandy Bridge is a bridge spanning Tampa Bay, Old Tampa Bay from St. Petersburg, Florida to Tampa, Florida. The original 1924 span was dismantled in 1975. The second span, constructed in 1956, was used for vehicular traffic until 1997. The thi ...
in 1924, along the same route Jannus' airline used. It was the longest automobile toll bridge in the world at the time.
Prohibition Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic b ...
was unpopular in the area and the peninsula's inlets and islands were used by rum-runners bringing in liquor from Cuba. Others distilled
moonshine Moonshine is alcohol proof, high-proof liquor, traditionally made or distributed alcohol law, illegally. The name was derived from a tradition of distilling the alcohol (drug), alcohol at night to avoid detection. In the first decades of the ...
in the county's still plentiful woods.


Great Depression and World War II

As was the case in much of Florida, the
Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and ...
came early to Pinellas with the collapse of the real estate boom in 1926. Local economies came into severe difficulties, and by 1930, St. Petersburg defaulted on its bonds. Only after World War II would significant growth return to the area. During the war, the area's tourist industry collapsed, but thousands of recruits came to the area when the U.S. military decided to use the area for training. Area hotels became barracks. The Vinoy Park Hotel was used as an Army training school. The area's women and girls participated in the war effort as well. Hundreds of girls from the area's most prominent families formed a group called the Bomb-a-Dears, holding dances, socializing with recruits, and selling war bonds. After the war many of these same soldiers remembered their wartime experience in Pinellas well, and returned as tourists or residents.


Recent history

With the end of the Second World War, Pinellas would enter another period of rapid growth and development. In 1954 the original span of the
Sunshine Skyway Bridge The Sunshine Skyway Bridge, officially referred to as the Bob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge, is a pair of long beam bridges with a central tall cable-stayed bridge. It spans Lower Tampa Bay to connect Pinellas County (St. Petersburg, Florid ...
was opened, replacing earlier ferry service. By 1957 Clearwater was America's fastest growing city. Tragedy struck on May 9, 1980, when the southbound span of the original Sunshine Skyway Bridge was struck by the freighter MV ''Summit Venture'' during a storm, sending over of the bridge plummeting into Tampa Bay. The collision caused seven personal vehicles and a Greyhound bus to fall into the water, killing 35 people. The new bridge opened in 1987 and has since been listed as number 3 of the "Top 10 Bridges" in the World by the
Travel Channel Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television television channel, channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with ...
. The county operates a
living history Living history is an activity that incorporates historical tools, activities and dress into an interactive presentation that seeks to give observers and participants a sense of stepping back in time. Although it does not necessarily seek to ree ...
museum called Heritage Village containing more than 28 historic structures, some dating back to the 19th century, where visitors can experience what life was once like in Pinellas. Pinellas County celebrated 100 years of existence on January 1, 2012.


Geography

According to the
U.S. Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The U.S. Census Bureau is part of the U ...
, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (55.0%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Florida by land area, larger than only Union County. Pinellas forms a
peninsula A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and is only connected to land on one side. Peninsulas exist on each continent. The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula. Etymology The word ''peninsula'' derives , . T ...
bounded on the west by the
Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico () is an oceanic basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southw ...
and on the south and east by
Tampa Bay Tampa Bay is a large natural harbor and shallow estuary connected to the Gulf of Mexico on the west-central coast of Florida, comprising Hillsborough Bay, McKay Bay, Old Tampa Bay, Middle Tampa Bay, and Lower Tampa Bay. The largest freshwater i ...
. It is long and wide at its broadest point, with of coastline.


Physical geography

Elevation in the county ranges from mean
sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an mean, average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal Body of water, bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical ...
to its highest natural point of near the intersection of SR 580 and Countryside Blvd. in Clearwater. Due to its small size and high population, by the early 21st century Pinellas County has been mostly built out, with very little developable land left available. The county has maintained a fairly large system of parks and preserves that provide residents and visitors retreat from the city and a glimpse of the peninsula's original state. Geologically, Pinellas is underlain by a series of
limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...
formations, the Hawthorne limestone and the Tampa limestone. The limestone is porous and stores a large quantity of water. The Hawthorne formation forms a prominent ridge down the spine of the county, from east of Dunedin, south to the Walsingham area and east towards St. Petersburg. The 35 miles of beaches and dunes which make up the county's 11
barrier island Barrier islands are a Coast#Landforms, coastal landform, a type of dune, dune system and sand island, where an area of sand has been formed by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast. They usually occur in chains, consisting of an ...
s provide habitat for coastal species, serve as critical storm protection for the inland communities, and form the basis of the area's thriving tourism industry. The islands are dynamic, with wave action building some islands further up, eroding others, and forming entirely new islands over time. Though hurricanes are infrequent on this part of Florida's coast, they have had a major impact on the islands, with the Hurricane of 1848 forming John's Pass between Madeira Beach and Treasure Island, a hurricane in 1921 creating Hurricane Pass and cleaving Hog Island into Honeymoon and Caladesi Islands, and 1985's
Hurricane Elena Hurricane Elena was a strong, destructive and erratic tropical cyclone that affected eastern and central portions of the Gulf Coast of the United States in late August and early September 1985. Threatening popular tourist destinations during ...
sealing Dunedin Pass to join Caladesi with
Clearwater Beach Clearwater Beach is on a barrier island in the Gulf of Mexico in Pinellas County on the west-central coast of Florida, United States. Located just west over the Intracoastal Waterway by way of the Clearwater Memorial Causeway from the rest of th ...
. Between the barrier islands and the peninsula are several bodies of water, through which traverses a section of the Gulf
Intracoastal Waterway The Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) is a Navigability, inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Massachusetts southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, the ...
. From north to south they are: St. Joseph Sound between the islands and Dunedin, Clearwater Harbor between Clearwater and Clearwater Beach, and Boca Ciega Bay in the southern third of the county. Connecting Clearwater Harbor to Boca Ciega Bay is a thin, approximately stretch of water known as The Narrows, which runs next to the town of Indian Shores. Extending from northeastern
Boca Ciega Bay Boca Ciega Bay is a body of water connected to the Gulf of Mexico on the west-central coast of Florida. It is bordered by Gulfport, Florida, Gulfport, St. Petersburg, Florida, St. Petersburg, and other municipalities in Pinellas County, Florid ...
, Long Bayou separates Seminole from St. Petersburg near Bay Pines. Long Bayou once extended significantly farther up the peninsula until the northern portion was sealed off to create
Lake Seminole Lake Seminole (, ) is a reservoir located in the southwest corner of Georgia along its border with Florida, maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Chattahoochee and Flint rivers join in the lake, before flowing from the Jim Woodr ...
. Extending further still from Long Bayou, the Cross Bayou Canal traverses the peninsula, crossing Pinellas Park in a northeasterly direction before emptying into Tampa Bay on the northwest side of St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport.


Barrier islands and passes

*
Anclote Key Anclote Key is a barrier island off the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida, the largest island in the Anclote Keys, located at near Tarpon Springs. Its name originates from the Spanish term for "anchor." The island is accessible only by boa ...
: offshore of
Tarpon Springs Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 25,117 at the 2020 census. As of ...
and the northernmost point in the county * Howard Park: a man-made
pocket beach A pocket beach is usually a small beach that is isolated between two headlands. There is typically very little or no exchange of sediment between the pocket beach and adjacent shorelines. Pocket beaches can be natural or artificial. Many natural ...
created in the 1960s * Three Rooker Bar: the most geologically recent of Pinellas' barrier islands *
Honeymoon Island A honeymoon is a vacation taken by newlyweds after their wedding to celebrate their marriage. Today, honeymoons are often celebrated in destinations considered exotic or romantic. In a similar context, it may also refer to the phase in a couple's ...
* Hurricane Pass * Caladesi Island * Dunedin Pass: shoaled and closed in the 1980s, linking Caladesi Island and Clearwater Beach *
Clearwater Beach Clearwater Beach is on a barrier island in the Gulf of Mexico in Pinellas County on the west-central coast of Florida, United States. Located just west over the Intracoastal Waterway by way of the Clearwater Memorial Causeway from the rest of th ...
* Clearwater Pass * Sand Key: the longest of Pinellas' barrier islands * John's Pass *
Treasure Island ''Treasure Island'' (originally titled ''The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys''Hammond, J. R. 1984. "Treasure Island." In ''A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion'', Palgrave Macmillan Literary Companions. London: Palgrave Macmillan. .) is an adventure a ...
* Blind Pass * Long Key (
St. Pete Beach St. Pete Beach (formerly known as St. Petersburg Beach until 1994) is a coastal city in Pinellas County, Florida. Known as a tourist destination, St. Pete Beach was formed from the towns of Pass-a-Grille, Belle Vista, St. Petersburg Beach, and un ...
) * Pass-a-Grille Channel * Shell Key * Tierra Verde: on the bay side of Shell Key, links the mainland to Fort De Soto. Created by a dredge-and-fill project that merged several smaller Keys, including Cabbage and Pine Keys * Bunces Pass *
Mullet Key Mullet Key is a historic island near Crystal River, Florida. It is located 3 miles south of the main mouth of the Crystal River, and was inhabited by Native Americans in pre-Columbian times. The island was occupied from roughly 500 to 1500 ...
: home to Fort De Soto and the southernmost point in the county


National protected area

*
Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge The Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) System, located offshore from mainland St. Petersburg, Florida, and only accessible by boat. The refuge was established in 1951, to act as a br ...


State protected areas

*
Honeymoon Island State Park Honeymoon Island State Park is a Florida State Park located on Honeymoon Island, a barrier island across St. Joseph Sound from Dunedin, Palm Harbor, Ozona, and Crystal Beach. The park is in land area with submerged and of beach. It lies ...
*
Caladesi Island State Park Caladesi Island State Park is a Florida State Park located on Caladesi Island in the Gulf of Mexico, across St. Joseph Sound to the west of Dunedin, Florida, and north of Clearwater Beach. It is accessible by passenger ferry or by private boa ...
* Anclote Key Preserve State Park


County parks and preserves

Source: * A.L. Anderson Park, Tarpon Springs * Boca Ciega Millenium Park, Seminole * John Chesnut Sr. Park, Palm Harbor * Eagle Lake Park, Largo *
Fort De Soto Park South-southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida, Fort De Soto Park is a park operated by Pinellas County on five offshore keys, or islands: Madelaine Key, St. Jean Key, St. Christopher Key, Bonne Fortune Key and the main island, Mullet Key. The key ...
, Tierra Verde * Fred Howard Park, Tarpon Springs * Lake Seminole Park, Seminole *
Philippe Park Philippe Park is a Pinellas County park located in Safety Harbor, Florida. The park is named after Odet Philippe, who is credited with introducing grapefruit to Florida. It is situated on that was once part of Philippe's plantation. Philippe ...
, Safety Harbor * Ridgecrest Park, Largo * Sand Key Park, Clearwater *
Sawgrass Lake Park Sawgrass may refer to: * Saw grass, a common name of some species of plants in the genus ''Cladium'' *Sawgrass, Florida, a town in the United States * Sawgrass Country Club, a private golf and tennis club located in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida * S ...
, St. Petersburg * John S. Taylor Park, Largo *
Wall Springs Park Wall Springs Park is a park located in Palm Harbor, Florida. The park includes a historical natural spring which was used as a bathing area from the turn of the 20th century until the 1960s. The park is located in Pinellas County, on the Florid ...
, Palm Harbor * Walsingham Park, Largo * War Veterans Memorial Park, St. Petersburg *
Brooker Creek Preserve Brooker Creek Preserve is located in Pinellas County, Florida, owned by the Pinellas County government and the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and managed by the Pinellas County Parks and Conservation Resources Department. It encomp ...
* Mobbly Bayou Preserve *
Shell Key Preserve Shell Key Preserve is an 1,800-acre preserve located on Shell Key in Tierra Verde, Florida, Tierra Verde, Pinellas County, Florida, Pinellas County in the U.S. state of Florida. The preserve protects sensitive marine habitats and includes one of ...
*
Weedon Island Preserve The Weedon Island Preserve is a 3,190-acre natural area situated along the western shore of Tampa Bay and located at 1800 Weedon Drive NE, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is predominately an estuarine preserve composed of upland and ...


Pinellas County parks gallery

File:Brooker creek nature walkway.jpg, Brooker Creek Nature Preserve walkway File:Chestnutparklaketarpon.jpg, View of Lake Tarpon from John Chestnut Park File:Wall springs st joseph sound.jpg, Wall Springs View of St Joseph Sound from the old observation tower File:Howard Park Tarpon.jpg, Sunset at Fred Howard Park


Other protected areas

Boyd Hill Nature Preserve: A park on the shores of Lake Maggiore in south St. Petersburg, operated by the city and featuring a nature center, bird-of-prey aviary, and over three miles of trails through a variety of ecosystems.


Adjacent counties

*
Pasco County Pasco County is a county located on the west central coast in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2024, the population of the county is 656,851, making it the tenth-most populous county in the state. Its county seat is Dade City, and its largest c ...
—north * Hillsborough County—east and south Hillsborough County extends along the shipping channel towards
Egmont Key Egmont may refer to: * Egmont Group, a media corporation founded and rooted in Copenhagen, Denmark * Egmond family (often spelled "Egmont"), an influential Dutch family, lords of the town of Egmond ** Lamoral, Count of Egmont (1522–1568), the bes ...
and into the Gulf of Mexico, separating Pinellas County from Manatee County.


Ecosystems


Plant life

Several natural communities exist within the county, including areas of freshwater wetlands (dominated by bald cypresses and ferns), coastal
mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen a ...
swamps, sporadic hardwood hammocks (dominated by laurel oaks and
live oaks Live oak or evergreen oak is any of a number of oaks in several different sections of the genus ''Quercus'' that share the characteristic of evergreen foliage. These oaks are generally not more closely related to each other than they are to ot ...
, Sabal palmetto, cabbage palms, and Magnolia grandiflora, southern magnolias), low-lying, poorly drained pine flatwoods (dominated by Pinus palustris, longleaf pines and Serenoa, saw palmettos), and well-drained, upland sandhills (dominated by longleaf pines and Quercus laevis, turkey oaks) and sand pine scrub (dominated by Pinus clausa, sand pines, saw palmettos, and various oaks). Offshore ecosystems include the Tampa Bay estuary and numerous gulf seagrass beds. The county also maintains several artificial reefs.


Animal life

Numerous bird species can be sighted in Pinellas, either as permanent residents or during the winter migration, including wading birds like great blue herons, egrets, American white ibis, white ibises and roseate spoonbills, aquatic birds like brown pelicans, American white pelican, white pelicans, and cormorants, numerous species of shorebirds, and very-common birds like seagulls and passerines like the blue jay, mockingbird, and American crow, crow. Ospreys are a commonly seen bird-of-prey, with other birds of prey like turkey vultures, red-tailed hawk, red tailed hawks, great horned owls, screech owls, American barn owl, barn owls, and bald eagles, among others, seen as well. Gopher tortoises are found in many areas, the burrows they dig making them a keystone species. Coyotes, though often associated with the American West, are native-to and can be found in Pinellas. White-tailed deer, wild turkeys, bobcats, otters, and alligators can be found in the county as well. Sea turtles nest on the shores or Pinellas' barrier islands and have been threatened by development. Offshore, dolphins, sharks, and manatees are numerous as well, while closer inshore stingrays are a common sight, leading those in-the-know to do the "stingray shuffle" (shuffling up the sand to scare nearby stingrays off) when entering gulf waters. Species of fish commonly caught in the waters surrounding the county include spotted seatrout, red drum or redfish, common snook, snook, Florida pompano, pompano, Sheepshead (Archosargus), sheepshead, Atlantic Spanish mackerel, Spanish mackerel, grouper, Mullet (fish), mullet, flounder, King mackerel, kingfish, and tarpon.


Invasive species

Like much of Florida, Pinellas County is home to several invasive species that propagate easily outside their (and their natural predators') native range. Examples of commonly seen invasives include Schinus terebinthifolius, Brazilian pepper, Eichhornia crassipes, water hyacinth, Casuarina equisetifolia, Australian pine, Melaleuca quinquenervia, melaleuca and Dioscorea bulbifera, air potato. These species are considered serious pests, and varying methods have been tried to eradicate them. Examples of invasive animals include the wild boar, which poses significant health and agricultural problems in Florida and can sometimes be found in Pinellas, and the monk parakeet, small flocks of which can sometimes be seen in flight or building nests on electrical poles or telecommunications towers. There is also a large flock of feral Peafowl, peacocks residing in St. Petersburg's Jungle Terrace, Jungle Prada and Disston Heights neighborhoods. Pinellas gained some national attention as the home of the ''Feral rhesus macaque#Tampa Bay, Mystery Monkey of Tampa Bay'', a non-native, feral rhesus macaque that had been on the loose for approximately three years in the south of the county. No one was sure where the monkey came from, and
Facebook page
set up for the monkey had over 84,000 Like button, likes (as of October 2012). The monkey was the subject of a sketch on the March 11, 2010, episode of ''the Colbert Report''. As of February 2012, the monkey had apparently taken up semi-permanent residence behind a family's home at an undisclosed location in St. Petersburg, according to the ''Tampa Bay Times''. Efforts to capture the monkey were reignited after it reportedly bit a woman living near where it had taken up residence, and the monkey was captured in late October 2012 and eventually was sent to live at Dade City's Wild Things, a zoo north of Tampa.


Climate

Pinellas, like the rest of the Tampa Bay area, has a humid subtropical climate, resulting in warm, humid summers with frequent thunderstorms, and drier winters. Pinellas County's geographic position- lying on a peninsula between
Tampa Bay Tampa Bay is a large natural harbor and shallow estuary connected to the Gulf of Mexico on the west-central coast of Florida, comprising Hillsborough Bay, McKay Bay, Old Tampa Bay, Middle Tampa Bay, and Lower Tampa Bay. The largest freshwater i ...
and the
Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico () is an oceanic basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southw ...
introduces large amounts of humidity into the atmosphere and serves to moderate temperatures. The geography of the peninsula also causes some variance in the county's average temperatures. St. Petersburg, further south on the peninsula, tends to have warmer daily average lows (by about 3 degrees) than areas such as Dunedin and Palm Harbor further north, though daily highs are very close. The north of the county also has fewer overall days of rain, but higher total annual precipitation when measured in inches, the county's south being prone to shorter, more frequent thunderstorms especially in the late summer. Freezing temperatures occur only every 2–3 years, with freezing precipitation occurring Climate of the Tampa Bay area#Winter, extremely rarely. Springs are usually short, mild, and dry, with occasional late-season cold fronts. Summertime weather is very consistent, with highs in the low 90s °F (around 32 °C), lows in the mid-70s °F (around 24 °C), accompanied by high humidity and an almost daily chance of afternoon thundershowers. The area experiences significant rainfall during its summer months (approximately May through October), with nearly two-thirds of annual precipitation falling between the months of June and September. The area is occasionally affected by tropical storms and hurricanes, but has not suffered a direct hit 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane, since 1921. Fall, like spring, is usually mild and dry, with the hurricane season extending through November and sometimes affecting the area. Many portions of south Pinellas, especially near the bay and gulf, have tropical microclimates. Tropical trees such as coconut palms and royal palms and fruit trees like mangoes grow very well in these microclimates.


Demographics


List of cities by population

The following is a list of all cities, towns, and census-designated places in Pinellas County, Florida. Source: 2010 Florida Census of Population and Housing


2020 census

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 959,107 people, 413,239 households, and 232,884 families residing in the county.


2010 census

U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Ethnic/Race Demographics: * White (U.S. Census), White (non-Hispanic) (82.1% when including White Hispanics): 76.9% (17.7% German, 15.5% Irish, 12.6% English, 8.9% Italian, 4.3% Polish, 4.0% French, 2.6% Scottish, 1.9% Scotch-Irish, 1.7% Dutch, 1.4% Swedish, 1.4% Greek, 1.1% Russian, 1.0% French Canadian, 0.9% Norwegian, 0.8% Welsh, 0.8% Hungarian, 0.5% Czech, 0.5% Portuguese, 0.5% Ukrainian) * Black or African-American (U.S. Census), Black or African-American (non-Hispanic) (10.3% when including Black Hispanics): 10.0% (0.6% Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsaharan African, 0.5% West Indian/Afro-Caribbean American [0.2% Jamaican, 0.1% Haitian, 0.1% Trinidadian and Tobagonian, 0.1% Afro-Caribbean, Other or Unspecified West Indian]) * Hispanic (U.S. Census), Hispanic or Latino (U.S. Census), Latino of any race: 8.0% (2.4% Puerto Rican, 2.4% Mexican, 0.9% Cuban) * Asian (U.S. Census), Asian: 3.0% (0.8% Vietnamese, 0.7% Other Asian, 0.6% Indian, 0.5% Filipino, 0.3% Chinese, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Japanese) * Multiracial American, Two or more races: 2.2% * Native American (U.S. Census), American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.3% * Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1% * Race (United States Census), Other Races: 2.0% (0.6% Arab) In 2010, 6.5% of the population considered themselves to be of only American people, American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity.) There were 415,876 households, out of which 19.89% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.33% were Marriage, married couples living together, 11.86% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.67% were non-families. 35.42% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.14% (4.53% male and 10.61% female) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.79. The age distribution is 17.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.3 years. For every 100 females there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males. The median income for a household in the county was $45,258, and the median income for a family was $58,335. Males had a median income of $41,537 versus $35,003 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,742. About 8.1% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those aged 65 or over. In 2010, 11.2% of the county's population was foreign born, with 50.3% being Naturalized citizen of the United States, naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 33.6% were born in Europe, 32.1% were born in Latin America, 20.9% born in Asia, 9.8% in North America, 3.0% born in Africa, and 0.6% were born in Oceania.


2000 census

As of 2000, there were 921,482 people, 414,968 households, and 243,171 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,271/km2 (3,292/sq mi), making it the most densely populated county in Florida. There were 481,573 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 85.85% Race (United States Census), White (82.8% were Non-Hispanic White,) 8.96% Race (United States Census), Black or Race (United States Census), African American, 0.30% Race (United States Census), Native American, 2.06% Race (United States Census), Asian, 0.05% Race (United States Census), Pacific Islander, 1.14% from Race (United States Census), other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. 4.64% of the population were Race (United States Census), Hispanic or Race (United States Census), Latino of any race. There were 414,968 households, out of which 22.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.80% were Marriage, married couples living together, 10.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.40% were non-families. 34.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.77. In the county, the population was spread out, with 19.30% under the age of 18, 6.40% from 18 to 24, 27.30% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 22.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 91.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.80 males. In 2000, 87.8% of persons age 25 or above were high school graduates, slightly above Florida's average of 84.9% for Florida. 26.7% of persons age 25 or above held a bachelor's degree or higher, also slightly higher than Florida's rate of 25.6%. The median income for a household in the county was $37,111, and the median income for a family was $46,925. Males had a median income of $32,264 versus $26,281 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,497. About 6.70% of families and 10.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.90% of those under age 18 and 8.20% of those age 65 or over. In 2000, as Florida's 6th and the nation's 53rd List of the most populous counties in the United States, most populous county, Pinellas has a population greater than that of the individual states of Wyoming, Montana, Delaware, South Dakota, Alaska, North Dakota, and Vermont, as well as the District of Columbia. With a population density (as of the 2000 United States census, 2000 census) of 3292 inhabitants/mi2, Pinellas County is by far the most densely populated county in the state, more than double that of Broward County, Florida, Broward County, the next most densely populated.


Languages

As of 2010, 87.17% of all residents spoke English language, English as their first language, while 5.56% spoke Spanish language, Spanish, 0.78% Vietnamese language, Vietnamese, 0.70% French language, French, 0.65% Greek language, Greek, 0.56% German language, German, and 0.52% of the population spoke Serbo-Croatian language, Serbo-Croatian as their mother language. In total, 12.83% of the population spoke languages other than English as their primary language.


Government

The County commission, Board of County Commissioners governs all unincorporated areas of the county under the Florida Constitution, state's constitution, with the power to adopt ordinances, approve the county budget, set millages, and provide services. The county's Municipality, municipalities, while governing their own affairs, may call upon the county for specialized services. The county administrator, appointed by and reporting to the Board, oversees most of the day-to-day operations of the county. As of 2025, The members of the Board are as follows: * Chris Scherer (Republican Party (United States), R): At-Large District #1 (2024–present) * Brian Scott (Republican Party (United States), R): At-Large District #2 (2022–present) (chair) * Vince Nowicki (Republican Party (United States), R): At-Large District #3 (2024–present) * Dave Eggers (Republican Party (United States), R), Single-Member District #4 (2014–present) (vice chair) * Chris Latvala (Republican Party (United States), R), Single-Member District #5 (2022–present) * Kathleen Peters (Republican Party (United States), R): Single-Member District #6 (2019–present) * Rene Flowers (Democratic Party (United States), D): Single-Member District #7 (2020–present) * Barry Burton: County Administrator (2018–present) The county's government website won a "Sunny Award" from Sunshine Review in 2010 for its proactive disclosure of government data.


Politics

In national politics, Pinellas County, was one of the first areas of Florida to break from the Solid South and elect Republican Party (United States), Republicans to public office. Riding on the coattails of Herbert Hoover, Herbert Hoover's victory in the 1928 United States presidential election in Florida, 1928 election, Albert R. Welsh was elected to the Florida Senate and Kenneth W. Kerr to the Florida House of Representatives. In that same election, Gladstone R. Beattie, became the Pinellas County Sheriff and first Republican sheriff in Florida since Reconstruction, and Harry R. Hewitt became the Pinellas County Judge and the first Republican county judge in Florida.Schnur, James Anthony,
The Land Boom and Distant Clouds on the Horizon, 1922-1931
(2016). USF St. Petersburg campus Faculty Publications. 3079.
In 1951, Pinellas was the first county to send a majority-Republican delegation to the Florida House of Representatives in the twentieth-century. From 1948 to 1988, it went Republican in every presidential election except Lyndon Johnson, Lyndon Johnson's 44-state landslide of 1964. However, for the last quarter-century, as part of the Interstate 4, I-4 Corridor stretching from Tampa Bay to Orlando, Florida, it has been a powerful swing county in one of the nation's most critical swing states. Voter registration is almost tied, with Republicans having a small plurality of registered voters. It is closely divided between predominantly liberalism, liberal St. Petersburg and its predominantly suburban and conservative north and beaches. Due in part to the more populated southern portion around St. Petersburg, it has supported a Democrat for president in all but three elections since 1992. The brand of Republicanism in Pinellas County has traditionally been a moderate one, so the county has become friendlier to Democrats as a result of the national GOP having shifted right. In 2000, Al Gore became the first Democrat to win a majority of the county's vote since 1964, and only the second since Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 2004, Pinellas County swung the other way when George W. Bush carried the county by a narrow Plurality (voting), plurality of 49.56% (225,686 votes), with John F. Kerry, John Kerry following closely behind with 49.51% (225,460 votes)—a margin of just 226 votes. In the 2012 United States presidential election, 2012 Presidential Election, Barack Obama won Pinellas with 52% of the vote (239,104 votes) to Mitt Romney's 46.5% (213,258 votes), slightly narrower than Obama's 2008 United States presidential election, 2008 election results in Pinellas of 53% (248,299 votes) to John McCain, John McCain's 45% (210,066 votes). Republican victories in the county since George H. W. Bush, Bush in 1988 have been narrow pluralities. The exception to this is Donald Trump in 2024, who won the county with nearly 52% of the vote. The county is considered a List of election bellwether counties in the United States, bellwether politically. In the United States Senate election in Florida, 2012, 2012 U.S. Senate election, Pinellas voters helped re-elect United States Senate, U.S. Senator Bill Nelson (politician), Bill Nelson over challenger Connie Mack IV with 59% of the vote, greater than his statewide average of 55%. In the United States Senate election in Florida, 2010, 2010 U.S. Senate election, Pinellas was one of only four Florida counties won by outgoing Republican Governor Charlie Crist, a St. Petersburg native, who won 42% of Pinellas voters running as an Independent (politician), Independent in a three-way race with Republican nominee (and eventual winner) Marco Rubio and former Democratic U.S. Representative Kendrick Meek, who won 37% and 16.8% of the Pinellas vote, respectively. Statewide, Rubio won almost 49% of the vote to Crist's 29.7% and Meek's 20% in a highly polarized election that would witness Crist depart from the Republican Party and eventually become a Democrat. In the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives, most of Pinellas is represented by Republican Party (United States), Republican Anna Paulina Luna of the Florida's 13th congressional district, 13th district. Most of the city of St. Petersburg, including the most Democratic parts of Pinellas, is represented by Democratic Party (United States), Democrat Kathy Castor of the Florida's 14th congressional district, 14th district, which spans the Tampa Bay. The way this map has been drawn has been considered an example of a pro-Republican Gerrymandering, gerrymander, given the previous Democratic lean of the 13th. In Government of Florida, state politics, portions of Pinellas are represented in the Florida Senate by Florida Democratic Party, Democratic State Senator Darryl Rouson (District 16) and Republican Party of Florida, Republican State Senators Nick DiCeglie (District 18) and Ed Hooper (politician), Ed Hooper (District 21). In the Florida House of Representatives, Florida House parts of the county are represented by Republicans Adam Anderson (District 57-Palm Harbor, Florida, Palm Harbor,
Tarpon Springs Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 25,117 at the 2020 census. As of ...
), Kimberly Berfield (District 58- Clearwater), Berny Jacques (District 59-Largo), and Linda Chaney (District 59), as well as Democrat Lindsay Cross (District 60- Pinellas Park). Portions of St. Pete are also included in District 62, represented by Michele Rayner, Michele Rayner-Goolsby.


Voter registration

Voter registration data is as of April 2025.


Education


Primary and secondary education

The entire county is served by the Pinellas County Schools, Pinellas County School District. The current superintendent is Kevin Hendrick. The district, the nation's 24th largest, comprises 143 schools, including 72 elementary schools, 18 middle schools, two K–8 schools, 17 high schools, and 35 additional facilities including ESE, adult ed, career/technical, and charter school, charters. The district also operates the K–12 Pinellas Virtual School (PVS). Among the many notable Magnet school, magnet programs in the district are three International Baccalaureate (IB) programs, at St. Petersburg High School, Palm Harbor University High School, and Largo High School (Florida), Largo High School, Project Lead the Way, Project Lead the Way's (PLTW) engineering program at East Lake High School (Tarpon Springs, Florida), East Lake High School, the Center for Advanced Technologies (CAT) at Lakewood High School (Florida), Lakewood High School, the Pinellas County Center for the Arts (PCCA) at Gibbs High School (St. Petersburg, Florida), Gibbs High School, four middle school Centers for Gifted education, Gifted Studies, at Thurgood Marshall Fundamental, Morgan Fitzgerald, John Hopkins and Dunedin Highland Middle Schools, and Florida's only Fundamental High School, at Osceola High School (Largo, Florida), Osceola High School. The county is also home to many private schools, including Admiral Farragut Academy, Canterbury School (St. Petersburg, Florida), Canterbury School, Calvary Christian High School (Clearwater, Florida), Calvary Christian, Clearwater Central Catholic High School, Clearwater Central Catholic, Keswick Christian School, Shorecrest Preparatory School, Indian Rocks Christian School and St. Petersburg Catholic High School, among others.


Colleges and universities

Pinellas County is home several institutions of higher learning, including Eckerd College, the University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Nova Southeastern University, the multi-campus St. Petersburg College, the Stetson University College of Law in Gulfport, and the main campus of Schiller International University in Largo, after previously being located in
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
.


Libraries

The Pinellas Public Library Cooperative (PPLC) has 14 member libraries: * Clearwater Public Library System * Dunedin, Florida#Library, Dunedin Public Library * East Lake, Pinellas County, Florida#Public Library, East Lake Community Library * Gulf Beaches Public Library * Gulfport Public Library * Largo Public Library * Oldsmar Public Library * Palm Harbor, Florida#Palm Harbor Library, Palm Harbor Library * Pinellas Park, Florida#Library, Barbara S. Ponce Public Library * Safety Harbor, Florida#Library, Safety Harbor Public Library * St. Petersburg Library System * St. Pete Beach, Florida#Library, St. Pete Beach Public Library * Seminole, Florida#Recreation and library, Seminole Community Library * Tarpon Springs, Florida#Library, Tarpon Springs Public Library The Pinellas Public Library Cooperative was established by referendum in March 1989 to serve the unincorporated areas of Pinellas County. The original Interlocal Agreement, which described the legal basis, leadership and operations of the Cooperative, was signed by sixteen cities, the taxing district of Palm Harbor, and the County in 1989. In 1994, the City of Clearwater applied for and became a member of the Cooperative, which made all existing public libraries in the county members of the first countywide public library cooperative in Florida. The Pinellas Talking Book Library is administered through the Pinellas Public Library Cooperative. It serves county residents who are unable to read standard print material due to visual, physical or learning disabilities whether permanent or temporary. It provides free access to recorded, Braille, and Large print materials as well as a collection of descriptive videos. These materials are sent to members through postage free mail.


Mobile Book Bus

Part of the Pinellas Public Library Cooperative's efforts to reach out to underserved communities, is coordinating with the Juvenile Wellness Board, which hosts a Summer Book Bus Program. Under this program, mobile book buses go to each of the PPLC libraries and other community locations, giving away free books during the summers to encourage reading proficiency among children from beginner to the third grade. Each summer on average more than 12,000 books are given away to children in Pinellas County through this program.


Economy


Historical economic strengths

Agriculture was the single most important industry in Pinellas until the early 20th century, with much of the best land devoted to citrus production. Cattle ranching was another major industry. In 1885 the American Medical Society declared the Pinellas peninsula the "healthiest spot on earth", which helped spur the growth of the tourist industry.


Economy today

Anchored by the urban markets of Clearwater and St. Petersburg, Pinellas has the second largest base of manufacturing employment in Florida. Pinellas has diverse, yet symbiotic, industry clusters, including aviation/aerospace, defense/national security, medical technologies, business and financial services, and information technology. Fortune 500 technology manufacturers Jabil Circuit and Tech Data and a Fortune 500 financial company Raymond James Financial are headquartered in the Gateway, Pinellas County, Florida, Gateway area in and adjacent to Pinellas. Other large companies include Home Shopping Network, HSN, Nielsen Holdings PLC, Nielsen, and Valpak. Service industries such as healthcare, business services and education account for more than 200,000 jobs in the county, generating almost $19 billion in revenue. Other major sectors include retail, with close to 100,000 employees in jobs such as food service, bars, and retail sales generating $12 billion for the local economy in 2010, and industries related to finance, insurance and real estate with approximately 44,000 workers generating $8.5 billion in sales.


Culture


Museums

* Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida), Museum of Fine Arts near St. Petersburg Pier, the Pier in downtown St. Petersburg * Salvador Dalí Museum in downtown St. Petersburg * The James Museum of Western and Wildlife Art, James Museum of Western & Wildlife Art in downtown St. Petersburg * Florida Holocaust Museum in downtown St. Petersburg * Morean Arts Center in downtown St. Petersburg * Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American Museum in South St. Petersburg * Leepa-Rattner Museum of Art on the Tarpon Springs Campus of St. Petersburg College * Great Explorations Children's Museum in St. Petersburg * Dunedin History Museum in Dunedin * Imagine Museum in St. Petersburg * Museum of the Arts and Crafts Movement (MAACM) in St. Petersburg * St. Petersburg Museum of History in downtown St. Petersburg * Chihuly Collection in downtown St. Petersburg * Great Explorations Children's Museum in St. Petersburg


Performing arts venues

* Ruth Eckerd Hall in Clearwater * The BayCare Sound in Clearwater * Mahaffey Theater in St. Petersburg * Jannus Landing in St. Petersburg * Palladium at St. Petersburg College in St. Petersburg * freeFall Theatre in St. Petersburg * American Stage in St. Petersburg * Studio@620 in St. Petersburg The Florida Orchestra splits its performances between Ruth Eckerd Hall, the Mahaffey Theater, and the Straz Center for the Performing Arts in Tampa. Clearwater Jazz Holiday held every October in Coachman Park in downtown Clearwater; in its 32nd year.


Other points of interest

Long established communities, particularly North Shore Historic District (St. Petersburg, Florida), Old Northeast in St. Petersburg, Pass-a-Grille Historic District, Pass-a-Grille in St. Pete Beach, Harbor Oaks in Clearwater, and Tarpon Springs Historic District, old Tarpon Springs contain notable historic architecture. The area has embraced farmer's markets, with St. Petersburg's Saturday Morning Market drawing large crowds, and other markets located weekly in several other parts of the county also seeing a growth in popularity. Downtowns in St. Petersburg and Dunedin, and many of the beaches, especially Clearwater Beach, all attract a vibrant nightlife. In addition to the #Recent history, above-mentioned Heritage Village in Largo, a number of small local history museums operate within the county: the St. Petersburg Museum of History on the downtown St. Petersburg waterfront, the Pass-a-Grille Historic District, Gulf Beaches Historical Museum in Pass-a-Grille, the Dunedin History Museum in Dunedin, the Palm Harbor Museum in Palm Harbor, and the Tarpon Springs Depot, Historic Depot Museum in Tarpon Springs all provide visitors a glimpse of the area's history. Two botanical gardens are located within the county: the Florida Botanical Gardens, a part of the Pinewood Cultural Park in Largo, and Sunken Gardens (Florida), Sunken Gardens, a former tourist attraction located in and now run by the City of St. Petersburg. Indian Shores is home to the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, currently the largest non-profit wild bird hospital in the United States and considered one of the top avian rehabilitation centers in the world. A variety of species can be found at the sanctuary, which is open 365 days a year and is free to the public. On Clearwater Beach is the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, a non-profit dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation and release of injured marine animals and public education. CMA's best-known permanent resident, is Winter, a bottlenose dolphin who was rescued in December 2005 after having her tail caught in a crab trap. Her injuries caused the loss of her tail; CMA successfully fitted Winter with a prosthetic tail which brought worldwide attention to the facility. Winter was the subject of the 2011 film ''Dolphin Tale'', shot partially on location at CMA. On the south end of
Anclote Key Anclote Key is a barrier island off the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida, the largest island in the Anclote Keys, located at near Tarpon Springs. Its name originates from the Spanish term for "anchor." The island is accessible only by boa ...
, off of Tarpon Springs, is the Anclote Keys Light, Anclote Key Light, a lighthouse built in 1887. The light is Pinellas County's only functioning lighthouse, and Egmont Key Light, one of only two in the Tampa Bay area. The light was deactivated in 1984, but by 2003 had been restored and as of 2013 continues to be in use. The island forms Anclote Key Preserve State Park and is accessible only by private boat. Dunedin is home to the Dunedin Brewery, Florida's oldest microbrewery.


Sports and recreation


Sports teams

The Tampa Bay area is home to three major professional sports teams and a number of minor-league and college teams. Regardless of the specific city where they play their games, all of the professional teams claim "Tampa Bay" in their name to signify that they represent the entire area. Professionally, Major League Baseball, baseball's Tampa Bay Rays play at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, while National Football League, football's Tampa Bay Buccaneers and National Hockey League, hockey's Tampa Bay Lightning both play in nearby
Tampa Tampa ( ) is a city on the Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. Tampa's borders include the north shore of Tampa Bay and the east shore of Old Tampa Bay. Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay area and t ...
. Two MLB teams come to Pinellas for spring training: the Philadelphia Phillies play at BayCare Ballpark in Clearwater while the Toronto Blue Jays play at TD Ballpark in
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
. Additionally, Minor League Baseball affiliates of those teams play at their spring training ballparks; the Clearwater Threshers play at BayCare Ballpark and the Dunedin Blue Jays play at TD Ballpark. The Tampa Bay Rowdies of the USL Championship play at Al Lang Stadium in St. Petersburg The Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg is held every spring on the downtown St. Petersburg waterfront. The PGA Tour plays its Valspar Championship annually in March on the Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Golf Resort in Palm Harbor.


Recreational areas

* Skyway Fishing Pier State Park: Remnants of the approaches to the original
Sunshine Skyway Bridge The Sunshine Skyway Bridge, officially referred to as the Bob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge, is a pair of long beam bridges with a central tall cable-stayed bridge. It spans Lower Tampa Bay to connect Pinellas County (St. Petersburg, Florid ...
and the longest fishing pier in the world. * Pinellas Trail, Fred Marquis Pinellas Trail: 37-mile running and cycling trail over a former railroad bed connecting
Tarpon Springs Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 25,117 at the 2020 census. As of ...
to
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
. Other popular fishing locations include Pier 60 on Clearwater Beach and the Gulf and Bay Piers at Fort De Soto Park, as well as countless spots along the bridges and passes of the area, among many others. Pinellas County's coastal geography, with a long system of
barrier island Barrier islands are a Coast#Landforms, coastal landform, a type of dune, dune system and sand island, where an area of sand has been formed by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast. They usually occur in chains, consisting of an ...
s on the Gulf and small-to-large
mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen a ...
islands dotting the waters on all sides, provides for an extensive series of blueways that are enjoyed by kayakers of all ability levels. The county also maintains a series of artificial reefs in the Gulf which are popular spots for fishing and scuba diving The county's two largest freshwater lakes, Lake Tarpon (accessible through Chestnut and Anderson parks) and
Lake Seminole Lake Seminole (, ) is a reservoir located in the southwest corner of Georgia along its border with Florida, maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Chattahoochee and Flint rivers join in the lake, before flowing from the Jim Woodr ...
(accessible through Lake Seminole Park), are popular for water skiing, jet-skiing, and sailing, as well as for fishing and kayaking. Both the North Beach of
Fort De Soto Park South-southwest of St. Petersburg, Florida, Fort De Soto Park is a park operated by Pinellas County on five offshore keys, or islands: Madelaine Key, St. Jean Key, St. Christopher Key, Bonne Fortune Key and the main island, Mullet Key. The key ...
(2005) and Caladesi Island (2008) have been named by Dr. Beach as America's Top Beach.


Media

Pinellas County, as a part of the Tampa Bay area (the nation's 14th largest television market), is served by fourteen local Terrestrial television, broadcast television stations, as well as a variety of Cable television, cable-only local stations. More than 70 FM broadcasting, FM and AM broadcasting, AM stations compete for listenership in what is the nation's 19th largest radio market. Major daily newspapers serving Pinellas are the ''Tampa Bay Times'', known as the ''St. Petersburg Times'' from 1884 to 2011 and first in circulation and readership, and ''The Tampa Tribune''. The ''Times'' also distributes a free daily (Monday-Friday) tabloid called ''tbt*'' in the most heavily populated areas of the county. ''Creative Loafing, Creative Loafing Tampa'' is the main Alternative newspaper, alternative weekly.


Transportation


Major highways

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Airports

* St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport * Albert Whitted Airport * Clearwater Executive Airpark * Tampa International Airport is located across the bay in nearby
Tampa Tampa ( ) is a city on the Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. Tampa's borders include the north shore of Tampa Bay and the east shore of Old Tampa Bay. Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay area and t ...
.


Railroads

The CSX Transportation, CSX railroad company operates the Clearwater Subdivision in Pinellas County, made up of segments of branch lines of the former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and the Seaboard Air Line Railroad. Beginning in Tampa, the line has daily freight rail traffic through Oldsmar, Safety Harbor, Clearwater, Largo, Pinellas Park, and into St. Petersburg. Regularly-scheduled passenger rail services in Pinellas County ended on February 1, 1984, when Amtrak discontinued its rail operations in the county, and the last passenger rail service in the county of any kind, a series of special excursion runs between
Tarpon Springs Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 25,117 at the 2020 census. As of ...
and
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
, occurred on March 8, 1987.. CSX owned the last remaining trackage in downtown St. Petersburg until March 2008 when it, along with the remaining trackage south of Central Avenue and east of U.S. Route 19 in Florida, 34th Street South, began to be dismantled. That right-of-way, as well as the right-of-way of several other former CSX railroad lines in the county beginning in the 1990s, was converted into a section of the Pinellas Trail. As of 2012, proposals were being developed by community leaders for a light rail system which would connect the regional core cities of Clearwater, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. The proposal, which has won the backing of the Clearwater and St. Petersburg City Councils would rely on a 1% sales tax and would have to go before voters for approval.


Mass transit

The Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority (PSTA) operates 205 buses and trolleys servicing 37 routes across the county, with major stops at all commercial centers. Along the Gulf Beaches, PTSA operates the Suncoast Beach Trolley. PTSA also offers two express routes to downtown Tampa via the Howard Frankland and Gandy Bridges, connecting with Tampa's Hillsborough Area Regional Transit, HartLine, and connects with Pasco's Pasco County Public Transportation, PCPT in Tarpon Springs to continue service in that county. The system's two main bus terminals are located in downtown Clearwater and downtown St. Petersburg. During fiscal year 2005–06, PSTA transported 11,400,484 passengers. Additionally, the city of St. Pete operates a rapid bus service, the ''SunRunner'', from downtown St. Pete to
St. Pete Beach St. Pete Beach (formerly known as St. Petersburg Beach until 1994) is a coastal city in Pinellas County, Florida. Known as a tourist destination, St. Pete Beach was formed from the towns of Pass-a-Grille, Belle Vista, St. Petersburg Beach, and un ...
.


Emergency management


Fire departments

Source: * Clearwater Fire Rescue * Dunedin Fire Rescue * East Lake Fire Rescue * Gulfport Fire Rescue * Largo Fire Rescue * Lealman Fire District * Maderia Beach Fire Rescue * Oldsmar Fire Rescue * Palm Harbor Fire Rescue * Pinellas Park Fire Rescue * Pinellas Suncoast Fire District * Safety Harbor Fire Rescue * Seminole Fire Rescue * St. Pete Beach Fire Rescue * St. Petersburg Fire Rescue * South Pasadena Fire Rescue * Tarpon Springs Fire Rescue * Treasure Island Fire Rescue


Emergency Medical Services

* Sunstar Paramedics


Law enforcement agencies

The Pinellas County Sheriff's Office (PCSO) was founded in 1912 at the founding of the county. The Sheriff's Office absorbed the County Patrol in 1960. the sheriff is Bob Gualtieri. The office provides law enforcement services to unincorporated areas of the county and these municipalities contract with the sheriff's office to be their primary law enforcement provider: *Belleair Beach *Belleair Bluffs *
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
*Indian Rocks Beach *Madeira Beach *North Redington Beach *Oldsmar *Redington Beach *Safety Harbor *Seminole, Florida, Seminole *South Pasadena, Florida, South Pasadena *St. Pete Beach Many cities in the county have their own city police departments: * Belleair Police Department * Clearwater Police Department * Gulfport Police Department * Indian Shores Police Department * Kenneth City Police Department * Largo Police Department * Pinellas Park Police Department * St. Petersburg Police Department (Florida), St. Petersburg Police Department * Tarpon Springs Police Department * Treasure Island Police Department


Hospitals

There are several hospitals in Pinellas and the surrounding counties.


Communities


Cities

* Belleair Beach, Florida, Belleair Beach (2) * Belleair Bluffs, Florida, Belleair Bluffs (3) * Clearwater (5) *
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
(6) * Gulfport, Florida, Gulfport (7) * Indian Rocks Beach, Florida, Indian Rocks Beach (8) * Largo (11) * Madeira Beach, Florida, Madeira Beach (12) * Oldsmar, Florida, Oldsmar (14) * Pinellas Park, Florida, Pinellas Park (15) *
Safety Harbor Safety Harbor is a city on the west shore of Tampa Bay in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. It was settled in 1823 and incorporated in 1917. The population was 17,072 at the 2020 census. History The area has been inhabited since the Stone ...
(18) * Seminole, Florida, Seminole (19) * South Pasadena, Florida, South Pasadena (20) *
St. Pete Beach St. Pete Beach (formerly known as St. Petersburg Beach until 1994) is a coastal city in Pinellas County, Florida. Known as a tourist destination, St. Pete Beach was formed from the towns of Pass-a-Grille, Belle Vista, St. Petersburg Beach, and un ...
(21) *
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
(22) *
Tarpon Springs Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 25,117 at the 2020 census. As of ...
(23) *
Treasure Island ''Treasure Island'' (originally titled ''The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys''Hammond, J. R. 1984. "Treasure Island." In ''A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion'', Palgrave Macmillan Literary Companions. London: Palgrave Macmillan. .) is an adventure a ...
(24)


Towns

* Belleair, Florida, Belleair (1) * Belleair Shore, Florida, Belleair Shore (4) * Indian Shores, Florida, Indian Shores (9) * Kenneth City, Florida, Kenneth City (10) * North Redington Beach, Florida, North Redington Beach (13) * Redington Beach, Florida, Redington Beach (16) * Redington Shores, Florida, Redington Shores (17)


Census-designated places

* Bardmoor, Florida, Bardmoor * Bay Pines, Florida, Bay Pines * Bear Creek, Florida, Bear Creek * East Lake, Pinellas County, Florida, East Lake * Feather Sound, Florida, Feather Sound * Greenbriar, Florida, Greenbriar * Harbor Bluffs, Florida, Harbor Bluffs * Lealman, Florida, Lealman * Palm Harbor, Florida, Palm Harbor * Ridgecrest, Florida, Ridgecrest * South Highpoint, Florida, South Highpoint * Tierra Verde * West Lealman, Florida, West Lealman


Other unincorporated communities

* Baskin, Florida, Baskin * Crystal Beach, Florida, Crystal Beach * Curlew, Florida, Curlew * Gandy, Florida, Gandy * Highpoint, Florida, Highpoint * Innisbrook, Florida, Innisbrook * Oakhurst, Florida, Oakhurst * Ozona, Florida, Ozona * St. George, Pinellas County, Florida, St. George * Seminole Park, Florida, Seminole Park * Wall Springs, Florida, Wall Springs * Walsingham, Florida, Walsingham


In popular culture

Movies filmed or set in Pinellas County include: * ''Gifted (2017 film), Gifted'' (2017): Set in Pinellas County, with scenes in the Pinellas County Courthouse, but filmed in Chatham County, Georgia * ''The Infiltrator (2016 film), The Infiltrator'' (2016): Some scenes filmed at Derby Lane Greyhound Track and St. Pete Beach * ''Sunlight Jr.'' (2013): Some shots filmed in Clearwater at the Floridian Inn at Gulf-to-Bay Blvd. * ''Spring Breakers'' (2013): Primarily filmed in Treasure Island, St. Pete Beach, and Gulfport. * ''Magic Mike'' (2012): While the film is set in Tampa, Florida it was actually filmed in St. Petersburg, Treasure Island, and Ybor City alongside set filming in Los Angeles, California. * ''Dolphin Tale'' (2011): Filmed and set at the Clearwater Marine Aquarium * ''Immortal Island'' (2011) * ''A Fonder Heart'' (2011): Scenes filmed in Clearwater * ''Misconceptions'' (2008): Scenes filmed at Eckerd College * ''Grace Is Gone'' (2007): Scenes filmed at Fort De Soto * ''Love Comes Lately'' (2007): Scenes filmed at Pass A Grille and St. Pete Beach * ''Loren Cass'' (2006): Scenes filmed throughout St. Petersburg * ''The Punisher (2004 film), The Punisher'' (2004): Scenes filmed at Honeymoon Island State Park, Fort De Soto and the Sunshine Skyway Bridge * ''American Outlaws (2001 film), American Outlaws'' (2001): Scenes filmed at Fort De Soto * ''Ocean's Eleven'' (2001): Single scene filmed at the Derby Lane Greyhound Track in St. Petersburg * ''Great Expectations (1998 film), Great Expectations'' (1998): Scenes filmed at Fort DeSoto Park in St. Petersburg * ''Lethal Weapon 3'' (1992): scenes Filmed at the Soreno Hotel (now gone) in St. Petersburg * ''Cocoon (film), Cocoon'' (1985): Filmed and set in St. Petersburg * ''Summer Rental'' (1985): Filmed in St. Pete Beach * ''Once Upon a Time in America'' (1984): Scenes filmed at the historic The Don CeSar hotel on St. Pete Beach * ''Porky's'' (1982): Based on actual occurrences at Boca Ciega High School in Gulfport, Florida, Gulfport the early 1960s * ''Health (film), HealtH'' (1980): Filmed entirely at the historic The Don CeSar hotel on St. Pete Beach


See also

* Community Service Foundation * Robert J. Goldstein (2002) * National Register of Historic Places listings in Pinellas County, Florida * Timeline of Pinellas County, Florida history * List of tallest buildings in St. Petersburg


Explanatory notes


Citations


General and cited references

*


External links


Official website
with info for businesses, residents, and visitors
Southwest Florida Water Management District


Maps of early Pinellas County
University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension in Pinellas County

Pinellas Watershed Excursion
educational interactive guide {{Authority control Pinellas County, Florida, 1912 establishments in Florida Charter counties in Florida Counties in the Tampa Bay area Populated places established in 1912