Pinega
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Pinega () is a
rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically describ ...
(a settlement), formerly a town, in
Pinezhsky District Pinezhsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ Municipally, it is incorporated as Pinezhsky Municipal District.Law #258-vneoch.-OZ It is located in the northeast of th ...
of
Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast ( rus, Архангельская область, p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic Ocean, Arctic archipelagos of Franz ...
, Russia, located on the right bank of the
Pinega River The Pinega () is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky, Pinezhsky, and Kholmogorsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina. It is long, and the area of its basin . Its main tributaries are the Ilesha, t ...
(hence the name). It serves as the administrative center of Pinezhsky Selsoviet, one of the seventeen selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Pinezhskoye Rural Settlement, one of the fifteen rural settlements in the district. Population: .


History

Pinega was known from 17th century as the
pogost ''Pogost'' (, from Old East Slavic: погостъ) is a Russian historical term which has had several meanings. In modern Russian, it typically refers to a rural church and graveyard. It has also been borrowed into Latgalian (''pogosts''), Fi ...
of Pinezhsky Volok. In the course of the administrative reform performed in 1708 by
Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
the area was included into
Archangelgorod Governorate Archangelgorod Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel (Arkhangelsk). The governorate was located in th ...
, with the creation of Kevrolsky Uyezd. The center of the uyezd was located in
Kevrola Kevrola () is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Kevrolskoye Rural Settlement of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast ( rus, Архангельская область, p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲskəj ...
, now a village. In 1780, the Governorate was abolished and transformed into
Vologda Viceroyalty Vologda Viceroyalty () was an administrative-territorial unit (''viceroy#Russian Empire, namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Vologda. The viceroyalty was established ...
, with the creation of
Pinezhsky Uyezd Pinezhsky Uyezd (''Пинежский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Arkhangelsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Pinega. Demographics At the ...
in place of the Kevrolsky Uyezd. The center of the uyezd was Pinega, which thereby became a town. In 1796, Pinezhsky Uyezd moved into the
Arkhangelsk Governorate Arkhangelsk Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Arkhangelsk. The governorate was located in the north of the Russ ...
. In 1897, the population of Pinega was 992. In 1925 the town of Pinega, while still being the center of the uyezd, was downgraded to a selo, and in February 1927, Pinezhsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into
Arkhangelsky Uyezd Arkhangelsky Uyezd (''Архангельский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Arkhangelsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Arkhangelsk. Demogr ...
. During
Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...
in 1918, battles were fought between the Red Army and British troops in Pinega and around. For a short period, Pinega was occupied by British and American troops. In 1929, several governorates were merged into
Northern Krai Northern Krai () was an administrative-territorial unit (''krai'') of the Russian SFSR from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. The krai was located in the north of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided betwe ...
. July 15, 1929 the uyezds were abolished, and Pinezhsky District was established. Pinezhsky District became a part of the
Arkhangelsk Okrug Arkhangelsk (, ) is a city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements ...
of the Northern Krai. In 1930, the Okrug was abolished, and the district became subordinate to the central administration of the Northern Krai. In 1936, the Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Then, in 1959, Karpogorsky and Pinezhsky Districts were merged into one district with the administrative center located in Karpogory. From 1960 to 1993 Pinega was an
urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...
, after which it was downgraded to a rural type settlement again.


Economy


Transportation

The Pinega River is navigable below the village of Sogra, although there is no regular passenger navigation. Pinega is located at the point where the river sharply turns south-west. At this point, it passes several kilometers from the course of the Kuloy River. In 1926—1928 a
canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface ...
connecting the Pinega with the Kuloy was constructed, however, currently the canal is pretty much neglected. An unpaved road along the right bank of the Pinega connects Arkhangelsk with the valley of the Mezen. From this road, another one, also unpaved, branches off and follows the Pinega to
Karpogory Karpogory () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a ''village#Russia, selo'') and the administrative center of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River. It also serves as ...
, the village of
Zanyukhcha Zanyukhcha () is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Nyukhchenskoye Rural Settlement of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 335 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography Zanyukhcha is lo ...
, and then crosses the border with the
Komi Republic The Komi Republic (; ), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Syktyvka ...
to the timber production settlements.


Culture and recreation

from Pinega, in the village of Maletino, there is Krasnogorsky Monastery which is classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law. The monastery is neglected. The District Museum of the Pinezhsky District is located in Pinega. Downstream from Pinega there are karst caves which are a major tourist attraction. The
karst Karst () is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and Dolomite (rock), dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. Ther ...
landscape of the right bank of the Pinega River is protected in
Pinezhsky Nature Reserve Pinega Nature Reserve (, ''Pinezhsky Zapovednik'') is a nature reserve (a ''zapovednik'') in the north of Russia, located in Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 150 km due east of the city of Arkhangelsk. The reserve is on the right ...
.


References


Notes


Sources

* {{Authority control Rural localities in Pinezhsky District Pinezhsky Uyezd