Pinalia Sharmae
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''Pinalia'', commonly known as gremlin orchids, is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are large epiphytic or lithophytic plants with prominent pseudobulbs, each with up to three thin, flat leaves and cup-shaped, relatively short-lived flowers with scale-like brown hairs on the outside. There are about 120 species occurring from tropical to subtropical
Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...
to the south-west Pacific.


Description

Orchids in the genus ''Pinalia'' are epiphytic or lithophytic, rarely terrestrial herbs with prominent, fleshy pseudobulbs that are covered with papery brown bracts when young. Each pseudobulb has up to three thin, leathery, linear to lance-shaped leaves. The flowers are resupinate, usually cup-shaped and last for a few days. The dorsal
sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...
is narrower than the lateral sepals which are attached at their base to the column to form a small ledge. The labellum is hinged to the base of the column and has three relatively small lobes.


Distribution

Orchids in the genus ''Pinalia'' occur in
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
(about 17 species),
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
, the Ryukyu Islands,
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
, the Indian subcontinent, the Andaman Islands, Laos, Myanmar, the Nicobar Islands,
Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
,
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
, Borneo,
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
, the Lesser Sunda Islands,
Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia, historically known as Malaya and also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, is the western part of Malaysia that comprises the southern part of the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia and the list of isla ...
, the Maluku Islands, the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
,
Sulawesi Sulawesi ( ), also known as Celebes ( ), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the List of islands by area, world's 11th-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Min ...
, Sumatra,
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...
, the Solomon Islands, Queensland (Australia) and
Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited ...
.


Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Pinali'' was first formally described in 1826 by John Lindley who published the description in ''Orchidearum Sceletos''. The name ''Pinalia'' is based on an unpublished name suggested by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, derived from a Nepalese word meaning a type of forest yam.


Species list

Species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of February 2021: *'' Pinalia acervata'' *'' Pinalia acutifolia'' *'' Pinalia acutissima'' *'' Pinalia affinis'' *'' Pinalia amica'' *'' Pinalia amplectens'' *'' Pinalia ancorifera'' *'' Pinalia angustifolia'' *'' Pinalia annapurnensis'' *'' Pinalia anomala'' *'' Pinalia apertiflora'' *'' Pinalia appendiculata'' *'' Pinalia atrovinosa'' *'' Pinalia baeuerleniana'' *'' Pinalia baniae'' *'' Pinalia barbifrons'' *'' Pinalia bengkulensis'' *'' Pinalia bhutanica'' *'' Pinalia bicolor'' *'' Pinalia biglandulosa'' *'' Pinalia bilobulata'' *'' Pinalia bipunctata'' *'' Pinalia bogoriensis'' *'' Pinalia bractescens'' *'' Pinalia braddonii'' *'' Pinalia brownei'' *'' Pinalia carnicolor'' *'' Pinalia carnosula'' *'' Pinalia celebica'' *'' Pinalia cepifolia'' *'' Pinalia chrysocardium'' *'' Pinalia clavata'' *'' Pinalia cochinchinensis'' *'' Pinalia compacta'' *'' Pinalia compressiflora'' *'' Pinalia concolor'' *'' Pinalia conferta'' *'' Pinalia connata'' *'' Pinalia consanguinea'' *'' Pinalia curranii'' *'' Pinalia cycloglossa'' *'' Pinalia cylindrostachya'' *'' Pinalia dagamensis'' *'' Pinalia dasypus'' *'' Pinalia daymaniana'' *'' Pinalia deliana'' *'' Pinalia densa'' *'' Pinalia distans'' *'' Pinalia diversicolor'' *'' Pinalia djaratensis'' *'' Pinalia donnaiensis'' *'' Pinalia dura'' *'' Pinalia earine'' *'' Pinalia elata'' *'' Pinalia erecta'' *'' Pinalia eriopsidobulbon'' *'' Pinalia erosula'' *'' Pinalia eurostachys'' *'' Pinalia euryloba'' *'' Pinalia excavata'' *'' Pinalia fitzalanii'' *'' Pinalia flavescens'' *'' Pinalia floribunda'' *'' Pinalia formosana'' *'' Pinalia glabra'' *'' Pinalia globulifera'' *'' Pinalia gracilicaulis'' *'' Pinalia graciliscapa'' *'' Pinalia graminifolia'' *'' Pinalia grandicaulis'' *'' Pinalia hosei'' *'' Pinalia hutchinsoniana'' *'' Pinalia ignea'' *'' Pinalia japonica'' *'' Pinalia jarensis'' *'' Pinalia jimcootesii'' *'' Pinalia lamonganensis'' *'' Pinalia lancilabris'' *'' Pinalia latiuscula'' *'' Pinalia ledermannii'' *'' Pinalia leucantha'' *'' Pinalia lineata'' *'' Pinalia lineoligera'' *'' Pinalia longicruris'' *'' Pinalia longilabris'' *'' Pinalia longlingensis'' *'' Pinalia lyonii'' *'' Pinalia maboroensis'' *'' Pinalia macera'' *'' Pinalia mafuluensis'' *'' Pinalia maingayi'' *'' Pinalia maquilingensis'' *'' Pinalia meghasaniensis'' *'' Pinalia mentaweiensis'' *'' Pinalia merapiensis'' *'' Pinalia merguensis'' *'' Pinalia merrittii'' *'' Pinalia microchila'' *'' Pinalia microglossa'' *'' Pinalia minahassae'' *'' Pinalia moluccana'' *'' Pinalia multiflora'' *'' Pinalia murkelensis'' *'' Pinalia myristiciformis'' *'' Pinalia mysorensis'' *'' Pinalia nielsenii'' *'' Pinalia obesa'' *'' Pinalia obscura'' *'' Pinalia obvia'' *'' Pinalia occidentalis'' *'' Pinalia ochracea'' *'' Pinalia oligotricha'' *'' Pinalia opeatoloba'' *'' Pinalia oreogena'' *'' Pinalia ovata'' *'' Pinalia pachyphylla'' *'' Pinalia pachystachya'' *'' Pinalia palmifolia'' *'' Pinalia pandurata'' *'' Pinalia petiolata'' *'' Pinalia philippinensis'' *'' Pinalia phreatiopsis'' *'' Pinalia piruensis'' *'' Pinalia pokharensis'' *'' Pinalia polystachya'' *'' Pinalia polyura'' *'' Pinalia porphyroglossa'' *'' Pinalia praecox'' *'' Pinalia profusa'' *'' Pinalia pumila'' *'' Pinalia quinquangularis'' *'' Pinalia quinquelamellosa'' *'' Pinalia ramosa'' *'' Pinalia ramulosa'' *'' Pinalia recurvata'' *'' Pinalia reticosa'' *'' Pinalia rhodoptera'' *'' Pinalia rhynchostyloides'' *'' Pinalia rimannii'' *'' Pinalia ringens'' *'' Pinalia rolfei'' *'' Pinalia saccifera'' *'' Pinalia scotiifolia'' *'' Pinalia semirepens'' *'' Pinalia serrulata'' *'' Pinalia shanensis'' *'' Pinalia sharmae'' *'' Pinalia shiuyingiana'' *'' Pinalia simondii'' *'' Pinalia simplex'' *'' Pinalia sopoetanica'' *'' Pinalia sordida'' *'' Pinalia spicata'' *'' Pinalia sublobulata'' *'' Pinalia sumbawensis'' *'' Pinalia sundaica'' *'' Pinalia sutepensis'' *'' Pinalia szetschuanica'' *'' Pinalia taylorii'' *'' Pinalia tenuiflora'' *'' Pinalia toxopei'' *'' Pinalia tricolor'' *'' Pinalia triloba'' *'' Pinalia trilophota'' *'' Pinalia truncicola'' *'' Pinalia vagans'' *'' Pinalia vaginifera'' *'' Pinalia versicolor'' *'' Pinalia wildgrubeana'' *'' Pinalia wildiana'' *'' Pinalia woodiana'' *'' Pinalia xanthocheila'' *'' Pinalia yunnanensis''


References


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3283496 Podochileae genera Epiphytic orchids