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Pilumnoidea is a superfamily of
crab Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura (meaning "short tailed" in Greek language, Greek), which typically have a very short projecting tail-like abdomen#Arthropoda, abdomen, usually hidden entirely under the Thorax (arthropo ...
s, whose members were previously included in the Xanthoidea. The three families are unified by the free articulation of all the segments of the male crab's
abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the gut, belly, tummy, midriff, tucky, or stomach) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal ...
and by the form of the
gonopod Gonopods are specialized appendages of various arthropods used in reproduction or egg-laying. In males, they facilitate the transfer of sperm from male to female during mating, and thus are a type of intromittent organ. In crustaceans and millipe ...
s. The earliest fossils assigned to this group are of
Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...
age.


Classification

Pilumnidae is by far the largest of the three families, with 73 of the 78 genera: ; Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819 * Subfamily Calmaniinae Števčić, 1991 ** '' Calmania'' Laurie, 1906 * Subfamily Pilumninae Samouelle, 1819 ** '' Actumnus'' Dana, 1851 ** '' Aniptumnus'' Ng, 2002 ** '' Bathypilumnus'' Ng & L. W. H. Tan, 1984 ** '' Benthopanope'' Davie, 1989 ** '' Budapanopeus'' † Müller & Collins, 1991 ** '' Cryptopilumnus'' Hsueh, Huang & Ng, 2009 ** '' Danielum'' Vázquez-Bader & Gracia, 1995 ** '' Eohalimede'' † Blow & Manning, 1996 ** '' Eopilumnus'' † Beschin ''et al.'', 2002 ** '' Eumorphactaea'' † Bittner, 1875 ** '' Eurycarcinus'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 ** '' Galenopsis'' † A. Milne-Edwards, 1865 ** '' Glabropilumnus'' Balss, 1932 ** '' Gorgonariana'' Galil & Takeda, 1988 ** '' Heteropanope'' Stimpson, 1858 ** '' Heteropilumnus'' De Man, 1895 ** '' Latopilumnus'' Türkay & Schuhmacher, 1985 ** '' Lentilumnus'' Galil & Takeda, 1988 ** '' Lobogalenopsis'' † Müller & Collins, 1991 ** '' Lobopilumnus'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 ** '' Lophopilumnus'' Miers, 1886 ** '' Nanopilumnus'' Takeda, 1974 ** '' Neoactumnus'' T. Sakai, 1965 ** '' Parapleurophrycoides'' Nobili, 1906 ** '' Pilumnopeus'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 ** '' Pilumnus'' Leach, 1816 ** '' Priapipilumnus'' Davie, 1989 ** '' Pseudactumnus'' Balss, 1933 ** '' Serenepilumnus'' Türkay & Schuhmacher, 1985 ** '' Serenolumnus'' Galil & Takeda, 1988 ** '' Takedana'' Davie, 1989 ** '' Viaderiana'' Ward, 1942 ** '' Xestopilumnus'' Ng & Dai, 1997 ** '' Xlumnus'' Galil & Takeda, 1988 * Subfamily Eumedoninae Dana, 1853 ** '' Ceratocarcinus'' Adams & White ''in'' White, 1847 ** '' Echinoecus'' Rathbun, 1894 ** '' Eumedonus'' H. Milne Edwards, 1837 ** '' Gonatonotus'' Adams & White, in White, 1847 ** '' Hapalonotus'' Rathbun, 1897 ** '' Harrovia'' Adams & White, 1849 ** '' Permanotus'' D. G. B. Chia & Ng, 1998 ** '' Rhabdonotus'' Milne-Edwards, 1879 ** '' Santeella'' † Blow & Manning, 1996 ** '' Tauropus'' D. G. B. Chia & Ng, 1998 ** '' Tiaramedon'' D. G. B. Chia & Ng, 1998 ** '' Viacarcinus'' † Blow & Manning, 1996 ** '' Zebrida'' White, 1847 ** '' Zebridonus'' D. G. B. Chia, Ng & Castro, 1995 * Subfamily Rhizopinae Stimpson, 1858 ** '' Caecopilumnus'' Borradaile, 1902 ** '' Camptoplax'' Miers, 1884 ** '' Ceratoplax'' Stimpson, 1858 ** '' Cryptocoeloma'' Miers, 1884 ** '' Cryptolutea'' Ward, 1936 ** '' Itampolus'' Serène & Peyrot-Clausade, 1977 ** '' Lophoplax'' Tesch, 1918 ** '' Luteocarcinus'' Ng, 1990 ** '' Mertonia'' Laurie, 1906 ** '' Paranotonyx'' Nobili, 1905 ** '' Paraselwynia'' Tesch, 1918 ** '' Peleianus'' Serène, 1971 ** '' Pronotonyx'' Ward, 1936 ** '' Rhizopa'' Stimpson, 1858 ** '' Pseudocryptocoeloma'' Ward, 1936 ** '' Pseudolitochira'' Ward, 1942 ** '' Rhizopoides'' Ng, 1987 ** '' Ser'' Rathbun, 1931 ** '' Typhlocarcinops'' Rathbun, 1909 ** '' Typhlocarcinus'' Stimpson, 1858 ** '' Zehntneria'' Takeda, 1972 * Subfamily Xenopthalmodinae Števčić, 2005 ** '' Arges'' † De Haan, 1835 ** '' Xenopthalmodes'' Richters, 1880 ; Galenidae Alcock, 1898 * '' Dentoxanthus'' Stephensen, 1946 * '' Galene'' De Haan, 1833 * '' Halimede'' De Haan, 1835 * '' Parapanope'' De Man, 1895 ; Tanaochelidae Ng & P. F. Clark, 2000 * '' Tanaocheles'' Kropp, 1984


Gallery

Crinoid crabs, house reef night, wakatobi, 2018 (30873050267).jpg, Crinoid crab one of Pilumnidae Family at
Wakatobi National Park Wakatobi National Park is a marine national park in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was established in 2002. The name of Wakatobi is a portmanteau of the four main Tukangbesi Islands: Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko. Since 2005 t ...
, 2018 Crinoid crab 1, house reef night, wakatobi, 2018 (45812934981).jpg, Crinoid crab at
Wakatobi National Park Wakatobi National Park is a marine national park in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was established in 2002. The name of Wakatobi is a portmanteau of the four main Tukangbesi Islands: Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko. Since 2005 t ...
, 2018 Crinoid crab 2, house reef night, wakatobi, 2018 (30873186857).jpg, Crinoid crab at
Wakatobi National Park Wakatobi National Park is a marine national park in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was established in 2002. The name of Wakatobi is a portmanteau of the four main Tukangbesi Islands: Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko. Since 2005 t ...
, 2018


References

Crabs Extant Maastrichtian first appearances Arthropod superfamilies {{Pilumnoidea-stub