Piggyback Ride

Piggyback transportation refers to the transportation of goods where one transportation unit is carried on the back of something else. It is a specialised form of intermodal transportation and combined transport.

Etymology

''Piggyback'' is a corruption of ''pickaback'', which is likely to be a folk etymology alteration of ''pick pack'' (1560s), which perhaps is from ''pick'', a dialectal variant of the verb ''pitch''.

Examples

Rail

In rail transport, the practice of carrying trailers or semi-trailers in a train atop a flatcar is referred to as "piggybacking". Early drawings of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway c1830 show road coaches being piggybacked on railway flat wagons.

The rail service provided for trucks which are carried on trains for part of their journey is referred to as a rolling road, or rolling highway. A related transportation method is the rail transport of semi-trailers, without road tractors, sometimes referred to as "trailer on flatcar (TOFC)". In the United States, TOFC traffic grew from 1% of freight in 1957 to 5% in 1964 and 15% in 1986.

A railway wagon of one track gauge can be carried on a flat wagon ( transporter wagon or rollbock) of another gauge. In addition, an entire train of coupled wagons of one gauge can be carried on continuous rails on a train of flat wagons of another gauge. This was achieved by the Commonwealth Railways on the Marree railway line in South Australia between Telford Cut and Port Augusta in the mid-1950s. Japan Railways planned a similar " Train on Train" scheme, but at much higher speeds, to operate from 2016.

Marine

Small ships of all kinds can be piggybacked on larger ships. Examples include lifeboats, landing craft, and minesweepers on motherships, as well as midget submarines on larger submarines, such as those used for the 1942 Japanese submarine attack on Sydney.

Air transport

The 1930s British Short Mayo Composite, in which a smaller, four-engine floatplane aircraft named Mercury was carried aloft on the back of a larger four-engine flying boat named Maia, enabled the Mercury to achieve a greater range than would have been possible had it taken off under its own power. The American Space Shuttle was carried on top of specially-modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft when the shuttle landed at places other than Kennedy Space Center.

Space

In space transportation systems, a smaller satellite that is carried as a secondary payload on a launch is said to be "piggybacked" on the main launch. It is often the case of small satellites and cubesats, since they can not usually afford accessing space on a dedicated launch and they choose instead to take profit of the remaining payload capacity in a big satellite launch. However, this is usually at the cost of not being able to fly to their desired orbit and having to remain on a similar orbit to that of the big satellite.

Military

The metal caterpillar treads of a tank wear out quickly when travelling long distances on ordinary roads. Also, tracked vehicles seriously damage the tarmac layer of ordinary roads (unless the caterpillar treads are specially fitted with rubber pads to avoid this). It is therefore necessary to provide tank transporters, which have rubber tires, to the battlefield.

Human locomotion

A person carrying someone else on their back is most commonly seen in the modern day in the form of a parent carrying a child. It may also feature in the context of play or sport, and evidence of this dates back to ancient Greece where games involving piggyback riding were combined with the requirement of catching or throwing a ball.Gardiner, E. Norman, 'Athletics of the Ancient World', Oxford: OUP, 1967, illustration 209 / facing p. 230

Gallery

File:001015 gauge buster.jpg, Transporter wagon
File:MBC Ua 235A.JPG, Timber wagon on rollbocks
File:Crocodile Waggon transports locomotive bodily.gif, "Crocodile Waggon" of GNR 1907
File:South Australian Railways narrow gauge locomotive T232 on broad gauge crocodile car.jpg, A South Australian Railways T class narrow-gauge locomotive on a broad-gauge crocodile car
File:Atlantis on Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.jpg, The Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' atop a NASA Boeing 747
File:Trajekt im Strom.jpg, Bonn–Oberkassel train ferry
File:ROLA Kelenfold.JPG, Rolling road
File:Maia and Mercury, August 1938 (Our Generation, 1938).jpg, Short Mayo Composite just before the first trans-Atlantic flight, August 1938
File:Handball pick-a-back Ancient Greece.jpg, Youths playing a ball game, circa 500 B.C.
File:Tsukioka Yoshitoshi, Japanese - The Demon Omatsu Murders Shirosaburō in the Ford - Google Art Project.jpg, A man killed by a woman when carrying her piggyback in the river.
File:Piggyback by the trainload rather than one wagon at a time is more efficient.gif, Piggyback by trainload concept
File:The End (for now) (6265367138).jpg, Trailers on flatcars in the United States

See also

* Autorack
* Bière–Apples–Morges Railway
* Car carrier trailer
* Car float
* Double-stack rail transport
* Ferry
* Fireman's carry
* Hupac
* Konkan Railway Corporation
* Loading gauge
* Modalohr
* Motorail
* Pichi Richi Railway
* Roadrailer
* Rolling highway
* Roll-on/roll-off
* Structure gauge
* Train ferry
* Two-foot-gauge railways in South Africa

References

External links

Double Piggyback p120

{{DEFAULTSORT:Piggy-Back (Transportation)
Transport operations
Intermodal transport