Pierre Jean Joseph Jeanningros (21 November 1816 Besançon, France – 30 April 1902)His Father Joseph-Marie Jeanningros was then officer. His Mother Françoise LLuesma, was of Spanish origin from Valence was a French

général is the French word for general. There are two main categories of generals: the general officers (), which are the highest-ranking commanding officers in the armed forces, and the specialist officers with flag rank (), which are high-level offic ...

, famous for having commanded the

French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion (, also known simply as , "the Legion") is a corps of the French Army created to allow List of militaries that recruit foreigners, foreign nationals into French service. The Legion was founded in 1831 and today consis ...

Military career

On 20 November 1834 he became a soldier, as an enfant troop () at the 66th Line Infantry Regiment (), his Father's unit. He was promoted to Caporal (

Corporal Corporal is a military rank in use by the armed forces of many countries. It is also a police rank in some police services. The rank is usually the lowest ranking non-commissioned officer. In some militaries, the rank of corporal nominally corr ...

) on 6 July 1835, Fourrier () (fourrier: non-commissioned officer responsible for stewardship) on 14 December 1836 and

Grenadier A grenadier ( , ; derived from the word ''grenade'') was historically an assault-specialist soldier who threw hand grenades in siege operation battles. The distinct combat function of the grenadier was established in the mid-17th century, when ...

Fourrier on 21 April 1836. On 1 December 1836 he was assigned as a Sergent (

Sergeant Sergeant (Sgt) is a Military rank, rank in use by the armed forces of many countries. It is also a police rank in some police services. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and in other units that draw their heritage f ...

) at the Zouaves () Regiment. He passed

sergeant major Sergeant major is a senior Non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned Military rank, rank or appointment in many militaries around the world. History In 16th century Spain, the ("sergeant major") was a general officer. He commanded an army's ...

() on 16 August 1837 and Sous-Lieutenant on 21 June 1840. On 8 September 1841 he was assigned as a Sous-Lieutenant to the 2nd Zouaves Regiment (). He was accordingly promoted to

lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a Junior officer, junior commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations, as well as fire services, emergency medical services, Security agency, security services ...

on 2 January 1842 and

captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...

on 10 July 1847. On 14 March 1852 he returned as captain to the 1st Zouaves Regiment () and was designated as Capatain Adjudant Major on 3 May 1852. On 7 February 1854 he was designated as a Chef de bataillon (

commandant Commandant ( or ; ) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police ...

–

major Major most commonly refers to: * Major (rank), a military rank * Academic major, an academic discipline to which an undergraduate student formally commits * People named Major, including given names, surnames, nicknames * Major and minor in musi ...

) in the 43rd Line Infantry Regiment () and was assigned on 4 July 1855 to the 1st Guard Voltigeurs Regiment. On 2 October 1855 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the 82nd Line Infantry Regiment () and passed

colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

on 12 July 1859 at the 43rd Line Infantry Regiment (). Under a Ministerial decision, he was assigned as a colonel in the Foreign Regiment in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

() and became superior commander of

Veracruz Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entit ...

() and the Hot Lands from 14 June 1863 to 26 February 1864. From 20 June 1865 he was assigned to the command of the subdivision of

Monterrey Monterrey (, , abbreviated as MtY) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is the ninth-largest city and the second largest metropolitan area, after Greater Mexico City. Located at the foothills of th ...

(), including the States of Coahuila and Nuevo León (). On 1 August 1865 he was promoted to Général de brigade, commanding the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division of the same States. He retained simultaneously his position at the head of the Foreign Legion, until 31 May 1866. He was accordingly designated as superior commandant for the States of

Querétaro Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro Cit ...

() and Sierra. He returned to

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

with the occupation army and disembarked at

Saint-Nazaire Saint-Nazaire (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Loire-Atlantique Departments of France, department in western France, in traditional Brittany. The town has a major harbour on the right bank of the Loire estuary, near the Atlantic Oc ...

on 28 March 1867. He was named by an Imperial decision on 30 March 1867 to the command of the 1st Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division () of the

Imperial Guard An imperial guard or palace guard is a special group of troops (or a member thereof) of an empire, typically closely associated directly with the emperor and/or empress. Usually these troops embody a more elite status than other imperial force ...

, consisting of: * The

Zouaves The Zouaves () were a class of light infantry regiments of the French Army and other units modelled on it, which served between 1830 and 1962, and served in French North Africa. The zouaves were among the most decorated units of the French Army ...

() * The 1st Grenadier Regiment à Pied of the Imperial Guard () * The Regiment of Gendarmerie On 23 October 1870 with the capitulation of the army at

Metz Metz ( , , , then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle (river), Moselle and the Seille (Moselle), Seille rivers. Metz is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Moselle (department), Moselle Departments ...

he was made a

prisoner of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a person held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of war for a ...

and was interned in

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Aachen Aachen is the List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population, 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. Aachen is locat ...

(). He returned to

on 12 March 1871 where he was of disposition and availability. On 11 June 1871 he was nominated to the command of the subdivision of

Indre-et-Loire Indre-et-Loire () is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079.Tours Tours ( ; ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabita ...

. On 17 August 1871 he was nominated to the command of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division of the 4th Corps of the Army of Versailles (), by Ministerial decision. By decree on 22 May 1873 he was promoted to

Général de division Divisional general is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries. The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps ...

and placed at the position of disposition, starting 1 June. On 18 October 1873 he was nominated to the command of the 13th Infantry Division (), which was part of the 1st Army Corps (), commanded by The Duke (). On 16 June 1874 he became inspector general of the 13th Infantry Arrondissement and added progressively to this active command, the subdivisions of the regions of Bourg,

Belley Belley (; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Bèlê'') is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Ain Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region, France. It is the capital of the historical regi ...

, and

Langres Langres () is a commune in France, commune in northeastern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Departments of France, department of Haute-Marne, in the Regions of France, region of Grand Est. History As the capital ...

. From 30 June 1876 to 2 July 1877 he was the inspector general of the 13th Infantry Arrondissement. On 22 January 1878 he was designated as the commandant of the 8th Infantry Division (), at the 4th Army Corps (). From 27 May 1878 to 12 May 1881 he was inspector general of the 8th Infantry Arrondissement. In October 1881 he joined to his command the divisions of

Mayenne Mayenne ( ) is a landlocked department in northwest France named after the river Mayenne. Mayenne is part of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, and Il ...

Laval, Mayenne Laval () is a town in western France, about west-southwest of Paris, and the capital of the Mayenne departments of France, department. Its inhabitants are called ''Lavallois''. The commune of France, commune of Laval proper, without the metropo ...

Le Mans Le Mans (; ) is a Communes of France, city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe (river), Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the Provinces of France, province of Maine (province), Maine, it is now the capital of ...

Alençon Alençon (, , ; ) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department. It is situated between Paris and Rennes (about west of Paris) and a little over north of Le Mans. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alen� ...

and

Argentan Argentan () is a commune and the seat of two cantons and of an arrondissement in the Orne department in northwestern France. As of 2019, Argentan is the third largest municipality by population in the Orne department.

. As of 21 November 1881 he was admitted by Presidential decision to the reserve section. On 23 November, on his demand, he was admitted to valorize his rights for retirement pension. He was officially retired by decree on 17 January 1882 after 48 years of service. In 1883 he was designated as inspector general of the scholar battalion (). This patriotic movement regrouped institution members, interested in implementing basic physical culture and discipline to the young French people. In 1889, he retired from all works.

Recognitions and Honors

His bravery during combats of the conquest of Algeria nicknamed him as "le Bayard des braves" Wounded 6 times under fires, he totalized 4 citations. * 1843, Knight of the Order of the

Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

. * 1856, Officer of the Order of the

. * 1856, 4th Class of the Ottoman

Order of the Medjidie Order of the Medjidie (, August 29, 1852 – 1922) was a military and civilian order of the Ottoman Empire. The order was instituted in 1851 by Sultan Abdulmejid I. History Instituted in 1851, the order was awarded in five classes, with the Firs ...

* 1863, Medal of His Majesty the King of Sardinia (

Crimean Campaign The Crimean campaign was conducted by the Axis powers, Axis as part of Operation Barbarossa during World War II. The invading force was led by Nazi Germany, Germany with support from Kingdom of Romania, Romania and Fascist Italy, Italy, wh ...

). * 1863, Commander of the Imperial Order of the

. * 1864, Commander of the Imperial Order of

Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe (), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe (), is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with four Marian apparitions to Juan Diego and one to his uncle, Juan Bernardino reported in December 1531, when t ...

. * 1866, Grand Officer of the Imperial Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe. * 1877, Grand Officer of the Order of the

. He was also titular of the following decorations: *

Crimea Medal The Crimea Medal was a campaign medal approved on 15 December 1854, for issue to officers and men of British units (land and naval) which fought in the Crimean War of 1854–1856 against Russia. The medal was awarded with the British version of ...

Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign The Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign () was a French commemorative medal established by Napoleon III, following the 1859 French campaign in Italy during the Second Italian War of Independence. Early in 1815, there was a powerful ...

Commemorative medal of the Mexico Expedition The Commemorative medal of the Mexico Expedition () was a French commemorative campaign medal established by decree of Emperor of the French, French Emperor Napoleon III on 29 August 1863 to recognize military service during the 1862-1863 Se ...

* Valor Medal of Sardinia Since 1986 a road in Servon bears his name. A statue of the general was inaugurated on 15 August 1909 at Besançon, by the Minister of War at the époque, general Brun. In light of construction of a war memorial depicting the war of 1914/1918, the statue was moved. Fabricated in bronze, the occupation authorities ordered, in 1942, to melt it simultaneously along with that of Pierre Joseph Proudhon which was nearby.

Notes

References

Sources

* ''La Dépêche Républicaine'', 28 février 1902. * ''Le général Jeanningros, 1816–1902'' (General Jeanningros, 1816–1902), René-Charles Plancke, Brie-Comte-Robert, 1974. * ''L'Est Républicain'' (East Republican), 30 mai 1986. * ''Le général Pierre Jeanningros, 1816–1902, colonel commandant le régiment étranger à Camerone'' (General Pierre Jeanningros, 1816–1902, colonel commandant the Foreign Regiment at Cameron), Michel Jeanningros, Besançon, 1986. * ''Dictionnaire biographique du Doubs'', Max Roche et Michel Vernus, Lons-le-Saunier, 1997. * ''Camerone'' Pierre Sergent (military), Fayard, 1979. * Dossier du Général Jeanningros, Defense historic service. {{DEFAULTSORT:Jeanningros, Pierre Joseph 1816 births 1902 deaths French generals French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War French military personnel of the Second French intervention in Mexico French military personnel of the Crimean War Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour Officers of the French Foreign Legion

Military career

Recognitions and Honors

See also

Notes

References

Sources