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Dabas parks Piejūra () is a
nature park A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are pres ...
along the
Gulf of Riga The Gulf of Riga, Bay of Riga, or Gulf of Livonia (, , ) is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. The island of Saaremaa (Estonia) partially separates it from the rest of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the gulf and t ...
in Latvia founded in 1962. It is a protected
nature reserve A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geologic ...
and a
Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectiv ...
location. The park stretches over an area from
Riga Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planni ...
, through Carnikava Municipality, and up to
Saulkrasti Saulkrasti (; ) (literally ''Sun shores'' in Latvian) is a town in Saulkrasti Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the east coast of the Gulf of Riga. It is the administrative centre of Saulkrasti Municipality. Made up of a number o ...
. It is a popular seasonal recreation location, notably for beach access. The park is notable for its protected
biotope A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of flora (plants), plants and fauna (animals), animals. ''Biotope'' is almost synonymous with the term habitat (ecology), "habitat", which ...
s, particularly its
dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, flat ...
s and
boreal forest Taiga or tayga ( ; , ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by pinophyta, coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. I ...
s. The park's conservation plan for 2020 onwards was developed under the "
LIFE Life, also known as biota, refers to matter that has biological processes, such as Cell signaling, signaling and self-sustaining processes. It is defined descriptively by the capacity for homeostasis, Structure#Biological, organisation, met ...
CoHaBit" project.


Location

The
nature park A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are pres ...
is a
protected area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood ...
designated as a
nature reserve A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geologic ...
in Latvia, as well as a
Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectiv ...
territory. It is the third oldest nature park in Latvia. The park was formed primarily for the preservation of
biotope A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of flora (plants), plants and fauna (animals), animals. ''Biotope'' is almost synonymous with the term habitat (ecology), "habitat", which ...
s. A concrete goal is to further the coexistence of
oligotrophic An oligotroph is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients. They may be contrasted with copiotrophs, which prefer nutritionally rich environments. Oligotrophs are characterized by slow growth, low rates o ...
to mesotrophic plants in mineral-starved
mesotrophic lake The Trophic State Index (TSI) is a classification system designed to rate water bodies based on the amount of biological productivity they sustain. Although the term "trophic index" is commonly applied to lakes, any surface water body may be ind ...
s and their coasts. The area of the park is . The territory is located in Rīgavas līdzenums (Rigava plain) in :lv:Piejūras zemiene (Seaside lowland) coastal zone. The park stretches along the coast of the
Gulf of Riga The Gulf of Riga, Bay of Riga, or Gulf of Livonia (, , ) is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. The island of Saaremaa (Estonia) partially separates it from the rest of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the gulf and t ...
, with up to wide areas and occupies 7% of coastal zone in Latvia. The territory spans from Vakarbuļļi village North-West of
Riga Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planni ...
, through Carnikava Municipality, and up to Inčupe river South-West of
Saulkrasti Saulkrasti (; ) (literally ''Sun shores'' in Latvian) is a town in Saulkrasti Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the east coast of the Gulf of Riga. It is the administrative centre of Saulkrasti Municipality. Made up of a number o ...
The park borders the
Lielupe The Lielupe ( in Latvian language, Latvian Literal translation, literally: ''Large River'', , ) is a river in central Latvia. Its length is (the length would reach if the Mēmele River were counted as part of the Lielupe). The surface area of ...
and
Daugava The Daugava ( ), also known as the Western Dvina or the Väina River, is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The Daugava rises close to the source of ...
river estuaries and includes of
Gauja The Gauja River (, ) is a river in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is the only large river of Latvia that begins and ends its flow in Latvia. Its length is 460 km, of which 93.5 km (approximately one-fifth) are in Gauja National P ...
estuary. The park is primarily owned by State (56%), municipalities (40%) and only 4% privately. There are few permanent residents in the area and most infrastructure is outside the area. The park is divided into 3 functional zones: nature reserve, nature park and neutral zones.


Geology

The to thick terrain consists of sand, aleurites and clay deposits, primarily from
Baltic Ice Lake The Baltic Ice Lake is a name given by geologists to a freshwater lake that evolved in the Baltic Sea basin as glaciers retreated from that region at the end of the last ice age. The lake's existence was first understood in 1894. The lake existe ...
,
Littorina Sea Littorina Sea (also Litorina Sea) is a geological brackish water stage of the Baltic Sea, which existed around 8500–4000 Before Present, BP and followed the Mastogloia Sea (initial Littorina Sea), a transitional stage from the Ancylus Lake. ...
and its lagoons as well as
alluvial river An alluvial river is one in which the bed and banks are made up of mobile sediment and/or soil. Alluvial rivers are self-formed, meaning that their channels are shaped by the magnitude and frequency of the floods that they experience, and the ab ...
and delta sediments. Most of the territory is covered with around meter thick sand sediment with up to in dune ridges. The majority of territory's height ranges between with up to in the dune ridges. The newer West side is only high.


Ecology

80% of the park's area are forests, 10% are beaches and dunes, while only 2% are human infrastructure. The park contains 24 identified EU biotopes that make up 84% of the territory. The most common biotopes are forested coastal dunes (2180), fixed coastal "gray" dunes with herbaceous vegetation (2130) and old boreal forests (9010). Other less common biotopes and those of conservation interest are embryonic shifting dunes (2110), foredunes (2120), forested coastal dunes and old boreal forests, Northern boreal alluvial meadows (6450), and boreal Baltic coastal meadows (1630). Many rare plant and animal species are found here. Plant species are mainly determined based on the park's sand bedrock, high groundwater levels and poor natural drainage. Many rare vascular plant species are found here. The park is one of the most notable
bird migration Bird migration is a seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds that occurs twice a year. It is typically from north to south or from south to north. Animal migration, Migration is inherently risky, due to predation and ...
routes in Europe. Various
water bird A water bird, alternatively waterbird or aquatic bird, is a bird that lives on or around water. In some definitions, the term ''water bird'' is especially applied to birds in freshwater ecosystems, although others make no distinction from seabi ...
s and
songbird A songbird is a bird belonging to the suborder Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as the scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin ''oscen'', "songbird". The Passeriformes contains 5,00 ...
s can be found here, including sightings of
Eurasian eagle-owl The Eurasian eagle-owl (''Bubo bubo'') is a species of eagle-owl, a type of bird that resides in much of Eurasia. It is often just called the eagle-owl in Europe and Asia. It is one of the largest species of owl. Females can grow to a total le ...
s and
Sea eagle A sea eagle or fish eagle (also called erne or ern, mostly in reference to the white-tailed eagle) is any of the birds of prey in the subfamily Haliaeetinae of the bird of prey family Accipitridae. Ten extant species exist, currently described w ...
s.


Forests

Forests occupy 72% or area of the park, and have a high cultural and ecosystem regulation value. Forests vary between new growths and old forests depending on soil and forestry practices. 80% of the forests are dry pine forests formed in dune ridges and hills. In many locations, dense pine stands had been planted to stop the now-dormant shifting dunes. There haven't been significant changes in forest biotope areas in recent years, although some of the "gray" dunes have becomes forested coastal dunes. These forests are most influenced by recreational and tourist anthropogenic effects – foot traffic, garbage disposal, bad forestry practices. There are six EU and Latvia protected forest biotopes and forested coastal dunes account for 93% of park's forests. Other forest biotopes occupy relatively small areas and are old boreal forests, deciduous swamp woods (9080), bog woodland (91D0), alluvial forests (91E0), and herb-rich forests (9050). Natural and planted forested coastal dunes take up a area and vary between compact dune groups to wide dune arrays as well wide inter-dune depressions, and can overlap with old boreal forests. These primarily
pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as cu ...
and rarer
spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' ( ), a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal ecosystem, boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern hemisphere. ''Picea'' ...
forests are mostly dry, with poor mineral, nutrient and water circulation. In interdune depressions, there are some mixed wet forests with a mixture of birch, black alder and pines. Latvia is one of the few EU countries that still has natural forested coastal dunes, particularly without transformation. The estimated biotope habitat quality of forests range between poor to excellent, with potential for poorer areas to improve with proper maintenance. About are old pine stands that closest match natural forests, some reaching 250 year age. These location have the highest species variety and most favourable conditions, although newer regions are nevertheless an important habitat. Various rare and endangered species are found here, such as '' Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''
Dianthus arenarius ''Dianthus'' ( ) is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (''D. repens'') in arctic North Ame ...
'', ''
Epipactis atrorubens ''Epipactis atrorubens'', the dark-red helleborine or royal helleborine, is an herbaceous plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As with many other species of orchids, the species is legally protected in some countries. Plantlife designated th ...
'', ''
Platanthera bifolia ''Platanthera bifolia'', commonly known as the lesser butterfly-orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus ''Platanthera'', having certain relations with the genus ''Orchis'', where it was previously included and also with the genus '' Habenar ...
'', '' Lycopodium annotinum'', and ''
Lycopodium clavatum ''Lycopodium clavatum'' (common club moss, stag's-horn clubmoss, running clubmoss, or ground pineBailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. ''Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the Un ...
''. Dry soil old boreal forest and herb-rich forest biotopes can be found in Garciems lagoon and house many rare species. Forest variety is further supplemented by bog woodland and deciduous swamp woods that can be found in inter-dune depressions with wet mineral-rich soil, while alluvial forests grow near rivers.


Dunes and beaches

Three EU protected dune biotopes are found here – embryonic shifting dunes, foredunes and "gray" dunes. The dunes found in the park are a high-valued recreation, tourism and sport resource year-round, especially due to being near Latvia's most-populated areas. They are also an effective erosion-regulating barrier against sea effects. Overall, dunes are susceptible to anthropogenic and natural "mechanical" damage, invasive species, and eutrophication. Embryonic dunes that form from washed out sand and high winds are rarely found on Latvia's coastline and are located in the park. The area of foredunes has been decreasing over the years likely due to anthropogenic effects and recreational beach improvement works that prevent new foredune formation even though the geological conditions are otherwise favourable, namely along Vakarbuļļi, Daugravgrīva and Vecāķi beaches. Foredunes are often found along the beach over area and are home to
littoral The littoral zone, also called litoral or nearshore, is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely i ...
and psammophytic plant species. Many of foredunes have transformed or been reclassified into "gray" dunes over time, so their absolute area has decreased. No new foredunes are forming between Lielupe and Daugava, while new ones are forming around Lilaste. "Gray" dunes are commonly found in the park and cover . These
xerophytic A xerophyte () is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cactus, cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology (biology), morphology and physiology ...
dunes house a wude diversity of plant species and communities. It is the main habitat for rare plant species, such as ''
Dianthus arenarius ''Dianthus'' ( ) is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (''D. repens'') in arctic North Ame ...
'', ''
Alyssum gmelinii ''Alyssum montanum'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is an evergreen, prostrate perennial with small, hairy, greyish Leaf, leaves. It typically grows to 10-15 centimeters tall and 30-45 centimeters across. ...
'', and '' Pulsatilla pratensis''. The area classified as "gray" dunes has significantly increased over the years both from foredune conversion and more accurate classification, including the addition of open areas within the nearby forests. "Gray" dunes are also susceptible to overgrowing and becoming "brown" forested dunes. There are two beach monitoring stations in the park – one in
Daugavgrīva Daugavgrīva (; ; or ''Ust`-Dvinsk'') is a neighbourhood in North West Riga, Latvia on the left bank of the Daugava river. In this neighbourhood there is a Swedish-built fortress on the Daugava River's left bank, commanding its mouth. Fortre ...
and one in Lilaste. In Daugavgrīva, embryonic dunes and "gray" dunes are only found in select areas, and new dunes do not form due to high human presence. In Lilaste, few embryonic dunes form due to human influence, however there is stable sand accumulation and foredune formation. Among the EU and Latvia's protected biotopes are annual vegetation of drift lines (1210) and boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation (1640), both of which are very rare in Latvia and primarily located around The Gulf of Riga. The former is an important insect habitat and feeding grounds for waders. The rare biotope occupies near Lielupe estuary. The latter biotope is similarly very rare and takes up only . Although the biotopes are small areas by themselves, they add a significant recreational value and well as protect against the coastal wave and wind influence. Their continued protection mainly depends on minimizing human influence and allowing natural geological processes to take place.


Lakes

There are seven natural lakes in the park (excluding
oxbow lake An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or stream pool, pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is meander cutoff, cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether ...
s) – , , , , Dziļcaurums, Serģis, and . The first of the six formed 4000 to 6000 years ago from the receding sea and are the only example of such formation in Latvia. All lakes are above sea level and are shallow ranging between in depth. All lakes are located in Gauja river's
drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
, although Ummis, Ziemeļu Garezers, Dziļcaurums and Mazlandziņa are drainless lakes and are only located in the basin geographically. Vidējais Garezers and Serģis are draining open lakes, while Dienvidu Garezers is through-flowing. All lakes have almost fully-natural slow drainage basins, mostly forested with some bog areas.


Bogs

There are a few small bogs and one larger bog in the park - a large Serģu purvs. All bogs are dominated by natural processes with little human influence. Serģu bog formed when the Serģa lake was drained via ditches dug in 1906, and these ditches remain today. By the 1940s, the lake had overgrown and there is only area of shallow (<) open water at present. Serģu bog is mostly wet and swampy, with some edges overgrown with trees and bushes. Most of the bog is covered with reeds and various transitional bog plants. Most of Serģu bog territory is of a Latvia's protected transition mire and quaking bog (7140) biotope, while the rest is active raised bog (7110). The bog's conditions are ill-suited for the growth of any protected species, although protected '' Hammarbya paludosa'' has been found. Around of still-living tree area is expected to become bogland within some decades, meanwhile serving as a habitat for various species dependant on dead trees. Other small bogs formed in depression between dunes and around areas of Garezers lakes where they have overgrown with plants forming transitional and raised bogs, or simply overgrown wet areas. Overall, the bogs are not suited for recreation and are of limited economic value, although their presence adds to the overall variety of the park. The bogs do however provide important
water cycle The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth across different reservoirs. The mass of water on Earth remains fai ...
and oxygen regulation, habitat for a variety of bog-exclusive species, and a natural barrier to invasive species and forest fires.


Climate

The climate in the park is moderately warm and wet. There are lesser temperature fluctuations compared to the inland. The sea water accumulates warmth during summer and makes the autumn and winter warmer than inland. However, this also makes spring and summer cooler due to slower water warming. There are stronger winds in the park than inland, with coastal and sea breezes from interaction between water and land. The vegetation period is about 200 days, while the
snow cover Snow consists of individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes. It consists of frozen crystalline water througho ...
can remain up to 100 days a year.


History

The main terrain of the park formed during the 5–7 thousand years during and after the
Littorina Sea Littorina Sea (also Litorina Sea) is a geological brackish water stage of the Baltic Sea, which existed around 8500–4000 Before Present, BP and followed the Mastogloia Sea (initial Littorina Sea), a transitional stage from the Ancylus Lake. ...
period. The new Western area only formed 300–400 years due to construction of dams and piers around Daugava delta. Between 19th and 20th century, the area between Lielupe estuary and Pabaži used to have a area with sand and dune fields, either naked or with shallow scrub overgrowth. Due to long-term effects of wind, this sand become shifting dune ridges that slowly "travelled" over 200 years, burying old forests, waterways and damaging infrastructure. In the 1870s, about area was buried around Riga between Daugava and Lielupe estuaries. The lack of drainage caused the meadows to become swampy and required expensive canal construction for water drainage. In the 1930s, Piejura area had about of unsecured flowing sand with some ridges like Bākas hill moving and burying forest per year. To stop the shifting sands, forestation works were carried out first covering the sand with branches and planting scrub and bushes to stop the sand movement and later planting trees to secure the area long-term. Towards the end of the 20th century, the sand movement had stopped. The park itself was officially founded as a nature park in 1962.
Latvian SSR The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Also known as the Latvian SSR, or Latvia) was a Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1941, and then from 1944 until 1990. The Soviet occupation of the Bal ...
Council of Ministers made the decision to create the park along the over territory between Vecāķi and Carnikava, between the coast and railroad, although, no immediate work took place in the following 6-->years. The nature park was established to protect the forested coastal dune and foredune biotopes, as well as the beach. The territory originally covered from
Vecāķi Vecāķi () is a Northern District neighbourhood in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is one of Riga's neighborhoods lying on the shores of Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea. Westward Vecāķi is bordered by Vecdaugava – a partial oxbow lake (a dead-end f ...
neighbourhood to
Gauja The Gauja River (, ) is a river in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is the only large river of Latvia that begins and ends its flow in Latvia. Its length is 460 km, of which 93.5 km (approximately one-fifth) are in Gauja National P ...
river estuary. Various border adjustments were made since then. By the end of the 20th century, the improvement project remained mostly on paper and only minimal amenities were available. In 1999 the park was expanded to its current area by including areas to be conserved from Vakarbuļļi to Inčupe. In 2002, the park was added to
Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectiv ...
as type C for preservation of especially protected species and biotopes. In 2004, the "LIFE Piekraste" project established the park's maintenance guidelines until 2015, later extended to 2019. Since 2006, the protection and usage of the park are codified in law. Between 1 September 2016 and 31 August 2020, the "LIFE CoHaBit" project surveyed and analysed the territory and formed a plan for protection, management and development of the park for 2020 onwards. The project cost €970 thousand, of which €582 thousand was financed by the EU.


Tourism

The park is a popular tourism recreational location. Although the park is regularly visited by nearby residents, larger visitation from Riga and near-Riga is irregular and seasonal. Summer season attracts most visitors, especially for beach visits. Weekend visitation is much higher than during work days. Recreational activity is also very different between park locations. For example, beach visitation is concentrated in locations with easier access and near-beach infrastructure. According to a survey of park visitors, most arrive by foot (37%), car (36%) or bike (14%). The primary purposes are for swimming, sunbathing, hiking and other recreation. Most
anthropogenic Anthropogenic ("human" + "generating") is an adjective that may refer to: * Anthropogeny, the study of the origins of humanity Anthropogenic may also refer to things that have been generated by humans, as follows: * Human impact on the enviro ...
effects on the park are from its visitors. Over the years, the park has had problems with people littering and dumping garbage, including "green trash" and composts that propagate invasive species. People also commonly swim in the Ummis lake, one of Latvia's cleanest lake where swimming if forbidden during summer, while information signs are commonly vandalized. Motorized vehicles are often illegally parked in the park, and the lack of car and pedestrian access, as well as designated parking space damages the park.


Protection plan

The 2004 plan was replaced with the plan formed as part of the project "LIFE CoHaBit – Piekrastes biotopu aizsardzība dabas parkā "Piejūra"" (). The project was funded by EU's
The LIFE Programme The LIFE programme (French: L’Instrument Financier pour l’Environnement) is the European Union's funding instrument for the environment and climate action. The general objective of LIFE is to contribute to the implementation, updating and d ...
and The State Regional Development Agency. The new territory protection plan was developed by Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. The plan is set to last until 2031. One of the primary goals of the plan is reduction of anthropogenic impact. The plan raises special attention to protection of plant species and reduction of lake
eutrophication Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of organisms that may deplete the oxygen in the water; ie. the process of too many plants growing on the s ...
. It also calls attention to development of tourism infrastructure and availability of information, as well as reduction of dune damage due to visitors. The plan also asks to further divide the park into functional zones: regulated regime, nature reserve, nature park and neutral zones. By mid-2021, a restoration and maintenance project for the coastal biotopes was completed over of biotope territory, bringing positive impact on at least of territory (about a fourth of the park). The major completed tasks included: foredune fortification against erosion, reduction of meadow reeds and increase in other plant variety and bird nesting, selective clearing of pines to further forest quality and other species growth, dune restoration increasing dune bird habitats, limiting of invasive species, and construction of infrastructure for reduction of anthropogenic effects by guiding visitor flow and providing information. Further goals were set for the next 12 years.


References


External links

* {{Protected areas of Latvia Nature parks in Latvia Natura 2000 in Latvia 1962 establishments in Latvia