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''Physaloptera'' is a genus of parasitic
Most species utilize insects such as crickets, cockroaches, and beetles as intermediate hosts. Several species of ''Physaloptera'' can parasitize primates, including humans. This rare disease is known as spiruridiasis.
Human infection is considered to be ancient; eggs of ''Physaloptera'' sp. were found in a grave of the
nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...
s in the family Physalopteridae.
Systematics
Species include: *'' Physaloptera dilatata''Muniz-Pereira et al., 2009, p. 11 *'' Physaloptera dispar'' *'' Physaloptera hispida''Kinsella, 1974, p. 9 *'' Physaloptera losseni'' *'' Physaloptera maxillaris''Dragoo and Sheffield, 2009, p. 5 *'' Physaloptera murisbrasiliensis'' *'' Physaloptera ngoci'' *'' Physaloptera preputialis'' *''Physaloptera retusa
''Physaloptera'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes in the family Physalopteridae.
Systematics
Species include:
*''Physaloptera dilatata''Muniz-Pereira et al., 2009, p. 11
*''Physaloptera dispar''
*''Physaloptera hispida''Kinsella, 1974, p.& ...
''
*''Physaloptera rara''
Undescribed or unidentified species have been found on the hispid cotton rat
The hispid cotton rat (''Sigmodon hispidus'') is a rat long thought to occur in parts of South America, Central America, and southern North America. However, recent taxonomic revisions, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, have split this ...
(''Sigmodon hispidus'') in the southern United States, the marsh rice rat
The marsh rice rat (''Oryzomys palustris'') is a semiaquatic North American rodent in the family Cricetidae. It usually occurs in wetland habitats, such as swamps and salt marshes. It is found mostly in the eastern and southern United States, f ...
(''Oryzomys palustris'') in Florida
Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
,Kinsella, 1988, table 1 and ''Leontopithecus rosalia
The golden lion tamarin (''Leontopithecus rosalia''; ), less commonly known as the golden lion marmoset, is a small New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae. Endemism, Endemic to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil, the golden lion tam ...
'', ''Physalaemus soaresi
''Physalaemus soaresi'' is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil where it is only known from three localities in the Rio de Janeiro state, one of them lost to urbanization and habitat degradation.
...
'', ''Cacajao calvus
The bald uakari (''Cacajao calvus'') or bald-headed uakari is a small New World monkey characterized by a very short tail; bright, crimson face; a bald head; and long coat. The bald uakari is restricted to várzea forests and other wooded habita ...
'', and ''Lagothrix lagotricha
The common woolly monkey, brown woolly monkey, or Humboldt's woolly monkey (''Lagothrix lagothricha'') is a woolly monkey from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela. It lives in groups of two to 70 individuals, usually splitting ...
'' in Brazil.
''Physaloptera'' spp. as human parasites
Most species utilize insects such as crickets, cockroaches, and beetles as intermediate hosts. Several species of ''Physaloptera'' can parasitize primates, including humans. This rare disease is known as spiruridiasis.
Human infection is considered to be ancient; eggs of ''Physaloptera'' sp. were found in a grave of the Bronze Age
The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...
in Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
.
References
Literature cited
* * *Kinsella, J.M. 1988. Comparison of helminths of rice rats, ''Oryzomys palustris'', from freshwater and saltwater marshes in Florida. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 55(2):275–280. * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q7189500 Rhabditida Rhabditida genera