Phyllis Latour
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Phyllis "Pippa" Latour MBE (8 April 1921 – 7 October 2023) was a South African-born agent of the United Kingdom's clandestine
Special Operations Executive Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British organisation formed in 1940 to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in German-occupied Europe and to aid local Resistance during World War II, resistance movements during World War II. ...
(SOE) organisation in France during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, especially
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
. SOE agents in France allied themselves with
French Resistance The French Resistance ( ) was a collection of groups that fought the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Nazi occupation and the Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy#France, collaborationist Vic ...
groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. Latour worked as a wireless operator in
Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...
from 1 May 1944 until August in the same year.


Early life and family

Latour's father, Philippe, was a French doctor and married to Louise, a British citizen living in South Africa, where Phyllis was born in April 1921. Her father died three months later during local conflicts in the
Belgian Congo The Belgian Congo (, ; ) was a Belgian colonial empire, Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960 and became the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville). The former colony adopted its present name, the Democratic Repu ...
, and her mother remarried three years later. Her stepfather was a
racing driver Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition. In North America, the term is commonly used to describe all forms of automobile sport including non ...
. There are contradictory accounts of Phyllis' mother's death. According to some reports, Louise was driving one of her new husband's racing cars, which malfunctioned and she was killed when it crashed into a barrier. However, in her biography published in 2024 Latour describes this as "Poppycock. Absolute rubbish. An accident like that could have happened somewhere and sometime but not to my mother in 1925. I wish I could get this story off the internet." She says her mother died of a haemorrhage at a doctor's surgery. In any case Phyllis then went to live with her father's cousin in
Jadotville Likasi (formerly official names: Jadotville ( French) and Jadotstad ( Dutch)) is a city in Haut-Katanga Province, in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Demographics Likasi has a population of around 635,000 (2015). During the 199 ...
in the Belgian Congo. She was later sent to a boarding school in
Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...
at age 16.


WAAF and Special Operations Executive

Latour moved to England in May 1939, and joined the
Women's Auxiliary Air Force The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), whose members were referred to as WAAFs (), was the female auxiliary of the British Royal Air Force during the World War II, Second World War. Established in 1939, WAAF numbers exceeded 181,000 at its peak ...
(WAAF) in November 1941 (Service Number 718483) as a flight mechanic for airframes. Because of her fluent French, however, she was immediately asked by SOE to become an agent, and went through vigorous mental and physical training. She joined the SOE in revenge for her godmother's father having been shot by the Nazis and for her godmother's suicide after being imprisoned, officially joining on 1 November 1943 and was commissioned as an Honorary Section Officer. Latour parachuted into
Orne Orne (; or ) is a département in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...
on 1 May 1944 to operate as part of the
Scientist A scientist is a person who Scientific method, researches to advance knowledge in an Branches of science, area of the natural sciences. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engag ...
circuit, using the codename ''Genevieve'' to work as a wireless operator with the organiser
Claude de Baissac Claude Marie Marc Boucherville de Baissac, Distinguished Service Order, DSO and bar, Croix de Guerre, CdeG, known as Claude de Baissac or by his codename ''David'' (born 28 February 1907, Curepipe, Mauritius; died 22 December 1974) was a Maurit ...
and his sister Lise, his courier and assistant. The de Baissacs, among SOE's best agents, were "dedicated but difficult." Lise described Latour as 'very brave and very willing but a mess of a girl." They were appalled at Latour's immaturity and lack of training by SOE. Lise kept a close rein on Latour to protect her and themselves. Care was necessary as the de Baissacs were working in Normandy, soon to be the site of the Allied
D-Day The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during the Second World War. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as ...
invasion of France. The area was heavily militarised by the Germans and the working environment dangerous. Small of stature, Latour posed as a teenage girl whose family had moved to the region to escape the Allied bombing. She rode bicycles around the area, selling soap and chatting with German soldiers. She encoded and transmitted the de Baissacs' messages to SOE headquarters. She transmitted by using one-time codes printed on a piece of silk she concealed by wrapping it around a knitting needle that was inserted into a flat shoelace, which she used to tie up her hair, and would translate using
Morse code Morse code is a telecommunications method which Character encoding, encodes Written language, text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called ''dots'' and ''dashes'', or ''dits'' and ''dahs''. Morse code i ...
equipment. She was searched on several occasions, and at one point was brought in for questioning, but the German authorities did not think to examine her hair tie and she was released. Latour's 135 coded messages helped guide bombing missions to enemy targets. She had several close shaves while in France. Once, as she typed out a transmission two German soldiers opened the door looking for food. Calmly she closed up the wireless set, pretending it was a case she was packing, while telling them she had scarlet fever – which had been sweeping the area – and said she had to get out of the village. The soldiers left quickly. In early August, the American army reached the village where Latour was operating. Suspicious of her, they held her captive for five hours until she was recognised as an SOE agent. She soon returned to England, her mission completed.


Post World War II

After World War II, Latour married an engineer with the surname Doyle, and went to live in Kenya,
Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about ...
, and Australia. She later lived in
Auckland Auckland ( ; ) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. It has an urban population of about It is located in the greater Auckland Region, the area governed by Auckland Council, which includes outlying rural areas and ...
, New Zealand, and turned one hundred years old in April 2021. She was the last living female SOE agent of the 39 who worked in France during World War II. Latour did not discuss her wartime activities with her family until her children discovered them by reading about them on the Internet in 2000. Phyllis Latour died on 7 October 2023, at the age of 102.


Honours and awards

In September 1945, Latour was appointed an additional
Member of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding valuable service in a wide range of useful activities. It comprises five classes of awards across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two o ...
, for services in France during the German occupation. She was appointed a
Chevalier of the Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and civil. Currently consisting of five classes, it was ...
(Knight of the Legion of Honour), by the French government on 29 November 2014, as part of the 70th anniversary of the battle of Normandy.


References


Bibliography

* *
Squadron Leader Squadron leader (Sqn Ldr or S/L) is a senior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence. Squadron leader is immediatel ...
Beryl E. Escott, ''Mission Improbable: A salute to the RAF women of SOE in wartime France'', London, Patrick Stevens Limited, 1991. * Liane Jones, ''A Quiet Courage: Women Agents in the French Resistance'', London, Transworld Publishers Ltd, 1990.


External links

*
A South African Girl in the Special Operations Executive
' (article by Ross Dix-Peek) {{DEFAULTSORT:Latour, Phyllis 1921 births 2023 deaths British women centenarians New Zealand women centenarians British Special Operations Executive personnel Knights of the Legion of Honour French Special Operations Executive personnel South African Members of the Order of the British Empire Military personnel from Durban Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France) Special Operations Executive personnel Women's Auxiliary Air Force officers South African emigrants to the United Kingdom British expatriates in France British expatriates in Kenya British expatriates in Fiji British expatriates in Australia British emigrants to New Zealand South African people of English descent South African people of French descent