''Phrynoidis'' is a small genus of true toads, family

Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad This category Category, plural categories, may refer to: General uses *Classification, the general act of allocating things to classes/categories Philosophy * Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) * Category (Kant) * C ...

. They are found in

Mainland Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...

and the Greater Sundas. They are sometimes known as the rough toads or river toads.

Systematics

''Phrynoidis'' was included in ''

Bufo ''Bufo'' is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to ...

'' until 2006. Their

sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...

is the genus ''

Rentapia ''Rentapia'' is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Southeast Asia and occurs in the Malay Peninsula (including extreme southern peninsular Thailand), Borneo, and Sumatra. It was erected in 2016 resolve the polyphyly of ''Pe ...

'' (formerly part of then

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...

Pedostibes The Malabar tree toad (''Pedostibes tuberculosus''), or warty Asian tree toad, is a species of toad found in forests along the Western Ghats of great Karnataka or Deccan. It is a small species and is found in wet tree hollows or leaf bases con ...

'').

Description

''Phrynoidis'' are large toads, with a maximum female snout–vent length of , depending on the species (males are smaller). Finger tips are dilated into keratinized, bulbous tips. Supernumerary palmar tubercles are present. The fingers have basal webbing. The

tadpole A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the Larva, larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully Aquatic animal, aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial animal, ...

s have large oral disc that is as wide as the body. ''Phrynoidis'' are terrestrial

riparian A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. In some regions, the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone, riparian corridor, and riparian strip are used to characterize a ripar ...

habitat generalists. They lay very large egg clutches.

Species

There are two species: * '' Phrynoidis asper'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Phrynoidis juxtasper'' ( Inger, 1964)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2769608 Amphibian genera Amphibians of Asia Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger