''Phrynobatrachus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
Sub-Saharan
Sub-Saharan Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. These include Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the list of sovereign states and ...
frogs that form the
monogeneric
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...
family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.
[
''Phrynobatrachus'' are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than ]rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree Canopy (biology), canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropi ...
s. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have tadpole
A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the Larva, larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully Aquatic animal, aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial animal, ...
s.[
]
Taxonomy
Phrynobatrachidae has earlier been considered as a subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
of Ranidae, but its recognition as a family is now well-established.[ It is probably most closely related to ]Petropedetidae
The Petropedetidae are a family of frogs containing two genera and 11 species. They are found in sub-Saharan tropical Africa and are sometimes known under common name African torrent frogs.
They are inhabitants of the splash-water zone of clear ...
and Pyxicephalidae
The Pyxicephalidae are a Family (biology), family of frogs currently found in sub-Saharan Africa. However, in the Eocene, the taxon ''Thaumastosaurus'' lived in Europe.
Classification
The Pyxicephalidae contain two subfamilies, with a total of 1 ...
[ or ]Ptychadenidae
Ptychadenidae is a family of frogs commonly known as the grassland frogs. These frogs occur in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. These include Central A ...
.[
This large genus may be further divided into three major ]clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
s. These clades could be treated as different genera, but this arrangement is not yet in use.[
]
Species
There are currently 96 species in this genus:Phrynobatrachus acutirostris
''Phrynobatrachus acutirostris'', the Rugegewald River frog, is a species of frogs in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist mon ...
'' Nieden, 1912
* ''Phrynobatrachus afiabirago
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Ofori-Boateng, Leaché, Obeng-Kankam, Kouamé, Hillers & Rödel, 2018
* '' Phrynobatrachus africanus'' (Hallowell, 1858)
* '' Phrynobatrachus albifer'' (Ahl, 1924)
* ''Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus
''Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is endemic to Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, swampland, and intermittent freshw ...
'' De Witte, 1933
* ''Phrynobatrachus alleni
''Phrynobatrachus alleni'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and intermitten ...
'' Parker, 1936
* ''Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Greenwood, Loader, Lawson, Greenbaum, and Zimkus, 2020
* ''Phrynobatrachus amieti
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, and Gvoždík, 2021
* ''Phrynobatrachus annulatus
''Phrynobatrachus annulatus'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, and Liberia.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss
...
'' Perret, 1966
* ''Phrynobatrachus anotis
''Phrynobatrachus anotis'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is endemic to Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Its natural habitats are dry savanna
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy wood ...
'' Schmidt and Inger, 1959
* ''Phrynobatrachus arcanus
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020
* ''Phrynobatrachus asper
''Phrynobatrachus asper'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Itombwe Mountains in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. This little known species occurs in swamps in montane forest above above se ...
'' Laurent, 1951
* ''Phrynobatrachus auritus
The golden puddle frog (''Phrynobatrachus auritus'') is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nige ...
'' Boulenger, 1900
* ''Phrynobatrachus batesii
''Phrynobatrachus batesii'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.
It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, possibly Equatorial Guinea, and possibly Togo.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland fores ...
'' (Boulenger, 1906)
* '' Phrynobatrachus bequaerti'' (Barbour and Loveridge, 1929)
* ''Phrynobatrachus bibita
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan Africa, Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, pud ...
'' Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019
* ''Phrynobatrachus breviceps
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Pickersgill, 2007
* '' Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus'' (Ahl, 1925)
* '' Phrynobatrachus brongersmai'' Parker, 1936
* '' Phrynobatrachus bullans'' Crutsinger, Pickersgill, Channing, and Moyer, 2004
* '' Phrynobatrachus calcaratus'' (Peters, 1863)
* '' Phrynobatrachus chukuchuku'' Zimkus, 2009
* '' Phrynobatrachus congicus'' (Ahl, 1925)
* '' Phrynobatrachus cornutus'' (Boulenger, 1906)
* '' Phrynobatrachus cricogaster'' Perret, 1957
* '' Phrynobatrachus cryptotis'' Schmidt and Inger, 1959
* '' Phrynobatrachus dalcqi'' Laurent, 1952
* '' Phrynobatrachus danko'' Blackburn, 2010
* '' Phrynobatrachus dendrobates'' (Boulenger, 1919)
* '' Phrynobatrachus discogularis'' Pickersgill, Zimkus, and Raw, 2017
* '' Phrynobatrachus dispar'' (Peters, 1870)
* '' Phrynobatrachus elberti'' (Ahl, 1925)
* '' Phrynobatrachus francisci'' Boulenger, 1912
* '' Phrynobatrachus fraterculus'' (Chabanaud, 1921)
* '' Phrynobatrachus gastoni'' Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
* '' Phrynobatrachus ghanensis'' Schiøtz, 1964
* '' Phrynobatrachus giorgii'' De Witte, 1921
* '' Phrynobatrachus graueri'' (Nieden, 1911)
* '' Phrynobatrachus guineensis'' Guibé and Lamotte, 1962
* '' Phrynobatrachus gutturosus'' (Chabanaud, 1921)
* '' Phrynobatrachus hieroglyphicus'' Rödel, Ohler, and Hillers, 2010
* '' Phrynobatrachus horsti'' Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boufou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015
* '' Phrynobatrachus hylaios'' Perret, 1959
* '' Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus'' Largen, 2001
* ''Phrynobatrachus intermedius
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Rödel, Boateng, Penner, and Hillers, 2009
* '' Phrynobatrachus irangi'' Drewes and Perret, 2000
* '' Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi'' Zimkus, Gvoždík, and Gonwouo, 2013
* '' Phrynobatrachus kakamikro'' Schick, Zimkus, Channing, Köhler, and Lötters, 2010
* '' Phrynobatrachus keniensis'' Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
* '' Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis'' Angel, 1924
* '' Phrynobatrachus krefftii'' Boulenger, 1909
* '' Phrynobatrachus latifrons'' Ahl, 1924
* '' Phrynobatrachus leveleve'' Uyeda, Drewes, and Zimkus, 2007
* '' Phrynobatrachus liberiensis'' Barbour and Loveridge, 1927
* '' Phrynobatrachus mababiensis'' FitzSimons, 1932
* ''Phrynobatrachus maculiventris
''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...
'' Guibé and Lamotte, 1958
* '' Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis'' (Angel, 1940)
* '' Phrynobatrachus mayokoensis'' Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015
* '' Phrynobatrachus mbabo'' Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020
* '' Phrynobatrachus minutus'' (Boulenger, 1895)
* '' Phrynobatrachus nanus'' (Ahl, 1925)
* '' Phrynobatrachus natalensis'' (Smith, 1849)
* '' Phrynobatrachus njiomock'' Zimkus and Gvoždík, 2013
* '' Phrynobatrachus ogoensis'' (Boulenger, 1906)
* '' Phrynobatrachus pakenhami'' Loveridge, 1941
* '' Phrynobatrachus pallidus'' Pickersgill, 2007
* '' Phrynobatrachus parkeri'' De Witte, 1933
* '' Phrynobatrachus parvulus'' (Boulenger, 1905)
* '' Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus'' Boulenger, 1898
* '' Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides'' Ahl, 1924
* '' Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus'' Rödel and Ernst, 2002
* '' Phrynobatrachus pintoi'' Hillers, Zimkus, and Rödel, 2008
* '' Phrynobatrachus plicatus'' (Günther, 1858)
* '' Phrynobatrachus pygmaeus'' (Ahl, 1925)
* '' Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri'' Rödel, Onadeko, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012
* ''Phrynobatrachus rouxi
''Phrynobatrachus rouxi'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found on western shore of Lake Victoria in Uganda and on Mount Kenya in Kenya; the extent of the former part of the range is uncertain and the latter requires ...
'' (Nieden, 1912)
* '' Phrynobatrachus rungwensis'' (Loveridge, 1932)
* '' Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae'' Rödel, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Janzen, Garrett, Browne, Gonwouo, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012
* '' Phrynobatrachus sandersoni'' (Parker, 1935)
* '' Phrynobatrachus scapularis'' (De Witte, 1933)
* '' Phrynobatrachus scheffleri'' (Nieden, 1911)
* '' Phrynobatrachus schioetzi'' Blackburn and Rödel, 2011
* ''Phrynobatrachus steindachneri
''Phrynobatrachus steindachneri'' is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in western Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. The specific name ''steindachneri'' honours Franz Steindachner, an Austrian herpetologist and ichthyolog ...
'' Nieden, 1910
* '' Phrynobatrachus sternfeldi'' (Ahl, 1924)
* '' Phrynobatrachus stewartae'' Poynton and Broadley, 1985
* '' Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis'' Laurent, 1951
* '' Phrynobatrachus taiensis'' Perret, 1988
* '' Phrynobatrachus tanoeensis'' Kpan, Kouamé, Barej, Adeba, Emmrich, Boateng, and Rödel, 2018
* '' Phrynobatrachus tokba'' (Chabanaud, 1921)
* '' Phrynobatrachus ukingensis'' (Loveridge, 1932)
* '' Phrynobatrachus ungujae'' Pickersgill, 2007
* '' Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis'' Grandison and Howell, 1983
* '' Phrynobatrachus versicolor'' Ahl, 1924
* '' Phrynobatrachus villiersi'' Guibé, 1959
* '' Phrynobatrachus werneri'' (Nieden, 1910)
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2648477
Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa
Taxa named by Albert Günther
Amphibian genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot