''Phrurolithus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

araneomorph The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (taran ...

spiders first described by C. L. Koch in 1839. First placed with the

Liocranidae Liocranidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. They are one of several groups called "sac spiders". The holarctic genus '' Agroeca'' is the best-known, but it also includes various genera of more obscur ...

, it was moved to the

Corinnidae Corinnidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called corinnid sac spiders. The family, like other "clubionoid" families, has a confusing taxonomic history. Once it was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now very much sm ...

in 2002, then to the

Phrurolithidae Phrurolithidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, known as guardstone spiders. The family was first described by Nathan Banks in 1892. First included in the Corinnidae as the subfamily Phrurolithinae, later phylogenetic studies justified a separ ...

in 2014.

Species

it contains fifty-seven species: *'' P. absurdus'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. adjacens'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. aemulatus'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. alatus'' Ivie & Barrows, 1935 – USA *'' P. apacheus'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. apertus'' Gertsch, 1935 – USA *'' P. approximatus'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. azarkinae'' Zamani & Marusik, 2020 – Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran *'' P. banksi'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. callidus'' Gertsch, 1935 – USA *'' P. camawhitae'' Gertsch, 1935 – USA *'' P. catalinius'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. claripes'' (Dönitz &

Strand Strand or The Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * ...

, 1906) – China, Russia (Sakhalin), Taiwan, Japan *'' P. coahuilanus'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. concisus'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. connectus'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. corsicus'' (

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1878) – Spain, France (Corsica), Italy (Sardinia) to Romania *'' P. debilis'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. diversus'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. dolius''

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are several ...

& Ivie, 1935 – USA *'' P. duncani'' (Chamberlin, 1925) – USA *'' P. emertoni'' Gertsch, 1935 – USA *'' P. festivus'' (C. L. Koch, 1835) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to Canada *'' P. flavipes'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Lebanon, Israel *'' P. florentinus'' Caporiacco, 1923 – Italy *'' P. goodnighti'' Muma, 1945 – USA *'' P. hamdeokensis'' Seo, 1988 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), Korea *'' P. kastoni'' Schenkel, 1950 – USA *'' P. kentuckyensis'' Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930 – USA *'' P. labialis'' Paik, 1991 – Korea, Japan *'' P. lasiolepis'' Fu, Chen & Zhang, 2016 – China *'' P. leviculus'' Gertsch, 1936 – USA *'' P. lindemanni'' Marusik, Omelko & Koponen, 2020 – Russia (Far East) *'' P. luppovae'' Spassky, 1941 – Tajikistan *'' P. minimus'' C. L. Koch, 1839 – Europe *'' P. nemoralis'' Bryant, 1940 – Cuba *'' P. nigrinus'' (Simon, 1878) – Central and southern Europe *'' P. nipponicus'' Kishida, 1914 – Japan *'' P. oabus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 – USA *'' P. paludivagus'' Bishop & Crosby, 1926 – USA *'' P. parcus'' ( Hentz, 1847) – USA *'' P. pennatoides'' Seo, 2018 – Korea *'' P. pinturus'' Ivie & Barrows, 1935 – USA *'' P. pipensis'' Muma, 1945 – USA *'' P. pullatus'' Kulczyński, 1897 – Central to Eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia *'' P. pygmaeus'' Thorell, 1875 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe) *'' P. schwarzi'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. shimenensis'' Yin, Peng, Gong & Kim, 1997 – China *'' P. similis''

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. As banks ...

, 1895 – USA *'' P. singulus'' Gertsch, 1941 – USA *'' P. sinicus'' Zhu & Mei, 1982 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea, Japan *'' P. sordidus'' Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan *'' P. spinosus'' Bryant, 1948 – Hispaniola *'' P. szilyi'' Herman, 1879 – Portugal, Spain, Central to south-eastern Europe *'' P. tamaulipanus'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. tepejicanus'' Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico *'' P. thracia'' Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece, Turkey

References

External links

* Araneomorphae genera Phrurolithidae {{Araneomorphae-stub