Although

phosphorus Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol P and atomic number 15. All elemental forms of phosphorus are highly Reactivity (chemistry), reactive and are therefore never found in nature. They can nevertheless be prepared ar ...

(₁₅P) has 22

isotope Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or ''nuclides'') of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their Atomic nucleus, nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemica ...

s from ²⁶P to ⁴⁷P, only ³¹P is stable, thus phosphorus is considered a

monoisotopic element A monoisotopic element is an element which has only a single stable isotope (nuclide). There are 26 such elements, as listed. Stability is experimentally defined for chemical elements, as there are a number of stable nuclides with atomic number ...

. The longest-lived

radioactive isotopes A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ...

are ³³P with a half-life of 25.34 days and ³²P with a half-life of 14.268 days. All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is ⁴⁷P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.

List of isotopes

, -id=Phosphorus-26 , rowspan=3, ²⁶P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 11 , rowspan=3, 26.01178(21)# , rowspan=3, 43.6(3) ms , β⁺ (62.9%) , ²⁶Si , rowspan=3, (3)+ , rowspan=3, , - , β⁺, p (35.1%) , ²⁵Al , - , β⁺, 2p (1.99%) , ²⁴Mg , -id=Phosphorus-26m , style="text-indent:1em", ^26mP , colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em", 164.4(1) keV , 115(8) ns , IT , ²⁶P , (1+) , , -id=Phosphorus-27 , rowspan=2, ²⁷P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 12 , rowspan=2, 26.9992925(97) , rowspan=2, 260(80) ms , β⁺ (99.93%) , ²⁷Si , rowspan=2, 1/2+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺, p (0.07%) , ²⁶Al , -id=Phosphorus-28 , rowspan=3, ²⁸P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 13 , rowspan=3, 27.9923265(12) , rowspan=3, 270.3(5) ms , β⁺ , ²⁸Si , rowspan=3, 3+ , rowspan=3, , - , β⁺, p (.0013%) , ²⁷Al , - , β⁺, α (8.6×10⁻⁴%) , ²⁴Mg , -id=Phosphorus-29 , ²⁹P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 14 , 28.98180037(39) , 4.102(4) s , β⁺ , ²⁹Si , 1/2+ , , -id=Phosphorus-30 , ³⁰P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 15 , 29.978313490(69) , 2.5000(17) min , β⁺ , ³⁰Si , 1+ , , -id=Phosphorus-31 , ³¹P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 16 , 30.97376199768(80) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 1/2+ , 1.0000 , - , ³²P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 17 , 31.973907643(42) , 14.269(7) d , β⁻ , ³²S , 1+ ,

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, - , ³³P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 18 , 32.9717257(12) , 25.35(11) d , β⁻ , ³³S , 1/2+ , , -id=Phosphorus-34 , ³⁴P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 19 , 33.97364589(87) , 12.43(10) s , β⁻ , ³⁴S , 1+ , , -id=Phosphorus-35 , ³⁵P , style="text-align:right" , 15 , style="text-align:right" , 20 , 34.9733140(20) , 47.3(8) s , β⁻ , ³⁵S , 1/2+ , , -id=Phosphorus-36 , rowspan=2, ³⁶P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=2, 35.978260(14) , rowspan=2, 5.6(3) s , β⁻ , ³⁶S , rowspan=2, 4− , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n? , ³⁵S , -id=Phosphorus-37 , rowspan=2, ³⁷P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 22 , rowspan=2, 36.979607(41) , rowspan=2, 2.31(13) s , β⁻ , ³⁷S , rowspan=2, (1/2+) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n? , ³⁶S , -id=Phosphorus-38 , rowspan=2, ³⁸P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 23 , rowspan=2, 37.984303(78) , rowspan=2, 0.64(14) s , β⁻ (88%) , ³⁸S , rowspan=2, (2−) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (12%) , ³⁷S , -id=Phosphorus-39 , rowspan=2, ³⁹P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 24 , rowspan=2, 38.98629(12) , rowspan=2, 282(24) ms , β⁻ (74%) , ³⁹S , rowspan=2, (1/2+) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (26%) , ³⁸S , -id=Phosphorus-40 , rowspan=3, ⁴⁰P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 25 , rowspan=3, 39.991262(90) , rowspan=3, 150(8) ms , β⁻ (84.2%) , ⁴⁰S , rowspan=3, (2−,3−) , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (15.8%) , ³⁹S , - , β⁻, 2n? , ³⁸S , -id=Phosphorus-41 , rowspan=3, ⁴¹P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 26 , rowspan=3, 40.99465(13) , rowspan=3, 101(5) ms , β⁻ (70%) , ⁴¹S , rowspan=3, 1/2+# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (30%) , ⁴⁰S , - , β⁻, 2n? , ³⁹S , -id=Phosphorus-42 , rowspan=3, ⁴²P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 27 , rowspan=3, 42.00117(10) , rowspan=3, 48.5(15) ms , β⁻ (50%) , ⁴²S , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (50%) , ⁴¹S , - , β⁻, 2n? , ⁴⁰S , -id=Phosphorus-43 , rowspan=2, ⁴³P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 28 , rowspan=2, 43.00541(32)# , rowspan=2, 35.8(13) ms , β⁻, n , ⁴²S , rowspan=2, (1/2+) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, 2n ? , ⁴¹S , -id=Phosphorus-44 , rowspan=3, ⁴⁴P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 29 , rowspan=3, 44.01193(43)# , rowspan=3, 18.5(25) ms , β⁻, n (55%) , ⁴³S , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻ (24%) , ⁴⁴S , - , β⁻, 2n (21%) , ⁴²S , -id=Phosphorus-45 , rowspan=2, ⁴⁵P , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 30 , rowspan=2, 45.01713(54)# , rowspan=2, 24(7 ( stat), 9 ( sys)) ms , β⁻, n (79%) , ⁴⁴S , rowspan=2, 1/2+# , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, 2n (21%) , ⁴³S , -id=Phosphorus-46 , rowspan=3, ⁴⁶P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 31 , rowspan=3, 46.02452(54)# , rowspan=3, 9# ms
200 ns, β⁻? , ⁴⁶S , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n? , ⁴⁵S , - , β⁻, 2n? , ⁴⁴S , -id=Phosphorus-47 , rowspan=3, ⁴⁷P , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 15 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 32 , rowspan=3, 47.03093(64)# , rowspan=3, 4# ms
400 ns, β⁻ , ⁴⁷S , rowspan=3, 1/2+# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n? , ⁴⁶S , - , β⁻, 2n? , ⁴⁵S

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. ³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by ³²P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.

Phosphorus-33

³³P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of ³¹P (stable). The ³³P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. ³³P is used as an alternative to ³²P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, ³³P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.

External links

Phosphorus isotopes data from ''The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's''

References

{{Navbox element isotopes Phosphorus