Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta also known as phosphacan is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRZ1''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

Function

This gene is a member of the

receptor tyrosine phosphatase Receptor tyrosine phosphatases are enzyme-linked receptor phosphatases, a family of protein tyrosine phosphatases. In humans, this family includes PTPRA, PTPRB, PTPRC, PTPRD, PTPRE, PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRH, PTPRJ, PTPRK, PTPRM, PTPR ...

family and encodes a single-pass type I membrane protein with two

cytoplasm The cytoplasm describes all the material within a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, including the organelles and excluding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The material inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell a ...

ic tyrosine-protein phosphatase domains, an alpha-carbonic anhydrase domain and a

fibronectin type III domain The Fibronectin type III domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain that is widely found in animal proteins. The fibronectin protein in which this domain was first identified contains 16 copies of this domain. The domain is about 100 am ...

. Alternative splice variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined.

Clinical significance

Expression of this gene is induced in

gastric cancer Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor of the stomach. It is a cancer that develops in the lining of the stomach. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas, which can be divided into a number of subtypes ...

cells, in the remyelinating

oligodendrocytes Oligodendrocytes (), also known as oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main function is to provide the myelin sheath to neuronal axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelination gives metabolic support to, and insulates the axon ...

of multiple sclerosis lesions, and in human embryonic kidney cells under

hypoxic Hypoxia means a lower than normal level of oxygen, and may refer to: Reduced or insufficient oxygen * Hypoxia (environmental), abnormally low oxygen content of a specific environment ** Hypoxia in fish, responses of fish to hypoxia * Hypoxia (medi ...

conditions. Both the protein and transcript are overexpressed in

glioblastoma Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival. Initial signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nons ...

cells, promoting their haptotactic migration.

Function

Clinical significance

References

Further reading