''Pholadidea'' is a taxonomic

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of marine

bivalve Bivalvia () or bivalves, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class (biology), class of aquatic animal, aquatic molluscs (marine and freshwater) that have laterally compressed soft bodies enclosed b ...

molluscs Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

in the subfamily Martesiinae of the family

Pholadidae Pholadidae, known as piddocks or angelwings, are a family (biology), family of bivalve molluscs similar to a clam. Background Piddocks are unique in that each side of their shells is divided into 2 or 3 separate sections. Furthermore, one of the ...

(the piddocks). Most members of ''Pholididea'' bore into shale, soft rock and coral for shelter, with the exception of ''Pholididea (Hatasia) wiffenae'', which is a wood-borer.

Appearance

The ''Pholididea'' are distinguished from the other genera in Martesiinae by having only on umbonal-

ventral Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ...

sulcus, a longitudinally-divided mesoplax, and either no metaplax and hypoplax, or a single plate caused by deposition of

calcite Calcite is a Carbonate minerals, carbonate mineral and the most stable Polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on ...

in the periostratum.

Occurrence

''Pholididea'' is known from the

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

to the

Holocene The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene to ...

, while the subgenus ''P. (Hatasia)'' is known only from the Holocene. Species have been reported from the

Palaeocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palai ...

and

Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...

, but these likely belong in other genera.

Taxonomy

The following taxonomic classifications exist in ''Pholididea'':

Subgenera

* '' Pholadidea (Pholadidea)'' Turton, 1819 * '' Pholadidea (Hatasia)''

Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...

, 1851

Species

* '' Pholadidea acherontea'' Beu & Climo, 1974 * '' Pholadidea eborensis'' Cosel & Haga, 2018 * '' Pholadidea fauroti'' Jousseaume, 1888 * † '' Pholadidea finlayi'' Laws, 1936 * ''

Pholadidea loscombiana ''Pholadidea'' is a taxonomic genus of marine (ocean), marine bivalve molluscs in the subfamily Martesiinae of the family Pholadidae (the piddocks). Most members of ''Pholididea'' bore into shale, soft rock and coral for shelter, with the except ...

'' Turton, 1819 * '' Pholadidea melanura'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1834 * '' Pholadidea quadra'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1834 * '' Pholadidea suteri''

Lamy Lamy ( /ˈlɑːmi, ˈlæmi/) is a German pen manufacturing company founded in 1930 by Josef Lamy, a former sales representative for Parker Pen. The company acquired the Orthos pen manufacturer to begin production. Lamy offers a variety of ...

, 1926 * '' Pholadidea tridens'' Gray, 1843 * '' Pholadidea tubifera'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1834 * † '' Pholadidea wiffenae'' Crampton, 1990 ; Synonyms * ''Pholadidea acutithyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 accepted as ''Penitella acutithyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 * ''Pholadidea cheveyi'' Lamy, 1927 accepted as ''Aspidopholas ovum'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Pholadidea chishimana'' Habe, 1955 accepted as ''Penitella gabbii'' Tryon, 1863 * ''Pholadidea dolichothyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 accepted as ''Penitella dolichothyra'' Tchang, Tsi & Li, 1960 * ''Pholadidea esmeraldensis'' Olsson, 1961: synonym of ''Pholadidea tubifera'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) * ''Pholadidea minuscula'' Dall, 1908 accepted as ''Martesia fragilis'' Verrill & Bush, 1898 * ''Pholadidea sagitta'' Dall, 1916 accepted as ''Penitella penita''

Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) * Saint Conrad (disambiguation) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washington Elsewher ...

, 1837

References

* Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp.

External links

Turton, W. (1819) A Conchological Dictionary of the British Islands. J. Booth, London, xxvii + 272 pp., 28 pls

Leach W. E. (1852). Molluscorum Britanniae Synopsis. A synopsis of the Mollusca of Great Britain arranged according to their natural affinities and anatomical structure. London pp. VIII + 376
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7187059 Pholadidae Bivalve genera