''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of ...

plants,

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or undershrub is either a small shrub (e.g. prostrate shrubs) or a perennial that is largely herbaceous but slightly woody at the base (e.g. garden pink and florist's chrysanthemum). The term is often interch ...

s and

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

s in the mint family

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil (herb), ba ...

, native from the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

region east across central

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. The name ''Phlomis'' derives from a Greek word for "flame", and may refer to the leaves' use in ancient times as lamp wicks. Common names include Jerusalem sage and lampwick plant.

Description

The overall size varies between species from 30 cm tall up to 2 m tall (12–79 in). The

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

are entire, opposite and decussate (each leaf pair at right angles to the next) and rugose or reticulate veined. The

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also lo ...

s (floral leaves) are similar or different from the lower leaves. All parts are frequently covered with hairs. The bracteoles are

ovate Ovate may refer to: * Ovate (egg-shaped) leaves, tepals, or other botanical parts *Ovate, a type of prehistoric stone hand axe * Ovates, one of three ranks of membership in the Welsh Gorsedd * Vates or ovate, a term for ancient Celtic bards ...

lanceolate The following terms are used to describe leaf plant morphology, morphology in the description and taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade ...

linear In mathematics, the term ''linear'' is used in two distinct senses for two different properties: * linearity of a '' function'' (or '' mapping''); * linearity of a '' polynomial''. An example of a linear function is the function defined by f(x) ...

. The

flower Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...

s are arranged in whorls called verticillasters which encircle the stems. The stems are usually square in section with rounded corners, although tomentum on the stems can make them appear circular. The colour of the flowers varies from yellow to pink, purple and white. The calyx is tubular or

campanulate This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary ...

with five or ten veins visible. Five teeth, either all equal or with the outer two longer than the others. The upper lip is hood shaped and laterally compressed (''P. tuberosa'', however, has an uncompressed lip with a dense bearded edge). The lower lip is ''trifid'', the central lobe being larger than the lateral ones. There are four

stamen The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament ...

s ascending under the upper lip.

Anther The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament ...

with forked end, the upper fork being shorter than the lower. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

s are four three-sided

nutlet A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open ...

s, and sometimes topped with hair, sometimes

glabrous Glabrousness () is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, ...

. The root system can be very extensive; roots of 6-week-old seedlings have been measured at 0.7 m. ''Phlomis'' species are the only host plants of the moths ''

Coleophora phlomidella ''Coleophora phlomidella'' is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in southern Russia and central Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 milli ...

'' and '' C. phlomidis''.

Phlomic acid Phlomic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid with an allene group, which gives it axial chirality and makes it optically active. Phlomic is related to laballenic acid but has a shorter chain length. Phlomic acid is composed of 20 carbon atoms, with ...

is named after the genus.

Systematics

The following species belong to genus ''Phlomis'', but some of them are now distributed in the genus ''

Phlomoides ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the eastern Mediterranean Basin through Eastern Europe, western and central Asia, and the Indi ...

''.GRIN Species Records of ''Phlomis''.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

''Phlomis''

* '' Phlomis × alanyensis'' * '' Phlomis amanica'' * '' Phlomis angustissima'' * '' Phlomis anisodonta'' * '' Phlomis antiatlantica'' * '' Phlomis armeniaca'' * '' Phlomis aucheri'' * '' Phlomis aurea'' * '' Phlomis × bornmuelleri'' * '' Phlomis bourgaei'' * '' Phlomis bovei'' * '' Phlomis brachyodon'' * '' Phlomis brevibracteata'' * '' Phlomis brevidentata'' * '' Phlomis brevilabris'' * '' Phlomis bruguieri'' * '' Phlomis brunneogaleata'' * '' Phlomis bucharica'' * '' Phlomis cancellata'' * '' Phlomis capitata'' * '' Phlomis carica'' * '' Phlomis cashmeriana'' * '' Phlomis cashmirica'' * '' Phlomis chimerae'' * '' Phlomis chorassanica'' * '' Phlomis chrysophylla'' * '' Phlomis × cilicica'' * '' Phlomis × commixta'' * '' Phlomis × composita'' * '' Phlomis cretica'' * ''

Phlomis crinita ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of herbac ...

'' * '' Phlomis cyclodon'' * '' Phlomis cypria'' * '' Phlomis × cytherea'' * '' Phlomis dincii'' * '' Phlomis drobovii'' * '' Phlomis × ekimii'' * '' Phlomis elliptica'' * '' Phlomis elongata'' * '' Phlomis floccosa'' * '' Phlomis fruticetorum'' * ''

Phlomis fruticosa ''Phlomis fruticosa'', the Jerusalem sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native plant, native to Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Turkey. It is a small evergreen shrub, up to tall by wide. The ...

'' – Jerusalem sage * '' Phlomis ghilanensis'' * '' Phlomis grandiflora'' * '' Phlomis herba-venti'' * '' Phlomis hypoleuca'' * '' Phlomis integrifolia'' * '' Phlomis iranica'' * '' Phlomis isiliae'' * '' Phlomis italica'' * '' Phlomis × kalanensis'' * '' Phlomis kotschyana'' * '' Phlomis kurdica'' * '' Phlomis lanata'' * '' Phlomis lanceolata'' * '' Phlomis leucophracta'' * '' Phlomis linearifolia'' * '' Phlomis linearis'' * '' Phlomis longifolia'' * '' Phlomis lunariifolia'' * '' Phlomis lurestanica'' * ''

Phlomis lychnitis ''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''.
Flora of China. of

'' - lampwick plant * '' Phlomis lycia'' * '' Phlomis majkopensis'' * '' Phlomis × margaritae'' * '' Phlomis mazandaranica'' * '' Phlomis × melitenensis'' * '' Phlomis mindshelkensis'' * '' Phlomis × mobullensis'' * '' Phlomis monocephala'' * '' Phlomis × muglensis'' * '' Phlomis nana'' * '' Phlomis nissolii'' * '' Phlomis nubilans'' * '' Phlomis nyalamensis'' * '' Phlomis olgae'' * '' Phlomis olivieri'' * '' Phlomis oppositiflora'' * '' Phlomis orientalis'' * '' Phlomis × pabotii'' * '' Phlomis pachyphylla'' * '' Phlomis persica'' * '' Phlomis physocalyx'' * '' Phlomis pichleri'' * '' Phlomis platystegia'' * '' Phlomis polioxantha'' * '' Phlomis × praetervisa'' * '' Phlomis purpurea'' * '' Phlomis × rechingeri'' * '' Phlomis regelii'' * '' Phlomis rigida'' * '' Phlomis russeliana'' * '' Phlomis salicifolia'' * '' Phlomis samia'' * '' Phlomis × semiorbata'' * '' Phlomis sewerzowii'' * '' Phlomis × sieberi'' * '' Phlomis sieheana'' * '' Phlomis sintenisii'' * '' Phlomis spinidens'' * '' Phlomis × stapfiana'' * '' Phlomis stewartii'' * '' Phlomis syriaca'' * '' Phlomis tathamiorum'' – from Lebanon * '' Phlomis tenorei'' * '' Phlomis tenuis'' * '' Phlomis × termessi'' * '' Phlomis thapsoides'' * '' Phlomis tomentosa'' * '' Phlomis trineura'' * '' Phlomis × tunceliensis'' * '' Phlomis × vierhapperi'' * '' Phlomis viscosa'' * '' Phlomis × vuralii'' * '' Phlomis × wendelboi'' * '' Phlomis zenaidae''

''Phlomoides''

Phlomoides rotata ''Phlomoides'', also called Jerusalem sage and Lampwick plant, is a genus of over 130 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the eastern Mediterranean Basin through Eastern Europe, western and central Asia, and the India ...

'' * '' Phlomis spectabilis'' now called '' Phlomoides spectabilis'' * '' Phlomis tuberosa'' now called ''

Phlomoides tuberosa ''Phlomoides tuberosa'' (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''Phlomis tuberosa''), the sage-leaf mullein, is a perennial plant, perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, south w ...

'' * '' Phlomis umbrosa'' now called '' Phlomoides umbrosa'' * '' Phlomis younghusbandii'' now called '' Phlomoides younghusbandii''

References

External links

* {{Authority control Lamiaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus