Philippine Collegian
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The ''Philippine Collegian'', also known as ''Kulê'' (), is an
alternative Alternative or alternate may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Alternative (Kamen Rider), Alternative (''Kamen Rider''), a character in the Japanese TV series ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' * Alternative comics, or independent comics are an altern ...
news outlet The news media or news industry are forms of mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public. These include news agencies, newspapers, news magazines, news channels etc. History Some of the first news circulations occurred in ...
and the official student publication of the
University of the Philippines Diliman The University of the Philippines Diliman (also called UPD; ), also referred to as UP Diliman, is a State university and college (Philippines), public, coeducational, Research university, research university located in Diliman, Quezon City, Ph ...
. Established in 1922, the Collegian is commonly associated with the national democratic movement, with many of the publication's staffers opposing
martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:15 p.m. on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced on television that he had placed the Philippines under martial law, stating he had done so in response to the "communist threat" posed by the newly founded Communist Part ...
. The Collegian continues to publish views critical of the university administration and the Philippine government as a "mainstay of the Philippine democratic left."


History


Establishment and pre-war history

The Collegian was first known as the ''College Folio'' (1910) and then ''Varsity News'' (1917). As the College Folio, it was one of the first undergraduate journals in the Philippines. The Philippine Collegian was officially established in 1922. Since then, it has become a symbol for academic freedom, critical thinking, and journalistic integrity and excellence. In 1935, the Collegian published Teodoro Agoncillo's review of Ricardo Pascual's book ''Dr. Jose Rizal beyond the Grave'', despite threats of excommunication from the Catholic Church. And in 1951, editor in chief (EIC) Elmer Ordoñez exposed the government's intervention in UP affairs, particularly in the aftermath of UP President Bienvenido Gonzalez's resignation. That period also saw the accommodation of the Filipino language in its content. During the post-war years, the Collegian became increasingly progressive in tackling university-based issues, particularly on "sectarianism" and favoritism in the administration. Despite the widespread conservatism, which equated nationalist sentiments with "communist threats", the Collegian continued publishing articles from socialism to the Hukbalahap movement.


During World War II

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, the Collegian was largely silent, since many of the university's units were shut down. In 1946, the Collegian resumed publishing, maintaining an anti-colonialist perspective. The 1950s brought to fore issues of academic freedom in the university, heightening the clash of beliefs between the Collegian, the university administration, and the national government. Then EIC Homobono Adaza, for example, was expelled for an editorial criticizing the UP administration.


During the Marcos dictatorship

Articles on the emergent revolutionary movement gained ground in the 1960s, complementing the rise of the student movement against the dictatorship of then President
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator, and Kleptocracy, kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled the c ...
. During Martial Law, the Collegian defied the
media blackout A media blackout is the censorship of news related to a certain topic, particularly in mass media, for any reason. A media blackout may be self-imposed or voluntary or enforced by the government or State (polity), state. In countries with stro ...
by going underground. The publication formed the radical press together with the other student publications such as the ''Ang Malaya'' of the Philippine College of Commerce, now
Polytechnic University of the Philippines The Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP; ) is a public, coeducational, research university in Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines. It was founded on 19 October 1904, as the Manila Business School (MBS) and as part of Manila's public sch ...
and ''Pandayan'' of Ateneo de Manila University and the publications of various national democratic groups. By the time Martial Law was declared in 1972, the Collegian's nationalist orientation was already established. The publication continued to operate underground, exposing realities that were vastly different from what was presented by government-controlled media. Subsequently, several Collegian staff, including
Enrique Voltaire Garcia The Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1971 was called to change the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines. The delegates were elected on November 10, 1970, and the convention itself was convened on June 1, 1971. It was marked by controver ...
,https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/enrique-voltaire-garcia/ Antonio Tagamolila, and Jacinto Peña faced imprisonment and death. While the regular Collegian headed by EIC Oscar Yabes in 1973 headlined UP President Salvador P. Lopez's campus beautification project and weekly UAAP updates, the Rebel Collegian decried the 20-percent tuition hike and the dissolution of student institutions like the Office of Student Regent and the UP Student Council. The Rebel Collegian issues brought to the fore the students' demand for lower tuition and dorm rates, among others, while "taking up the oppressed masses cause in exposing the corruption, servility, and violence of our semi-colonial and semi-feudal society". Meanwhile, the regular Collegian of then EIC Oscar Yabes served as a diversionary propaganda tool with its emphasis on counter-revolutionary literary pieces, with nary a critique of the atrocities under the US-Marcos regime. Yabes would also later come under fire due to his alleged malversation of the newspaper's funds.


Late 20th century

The paper remained vigilant even after the collapse of the Marcos regime. In the 1989 editorial "EDSA and UP—Three Years After", EIC Ruben Carranza, Jr. noted that "social injustice and foreign domination" remained entrenched in Philippine society. In the euphoria following the end of People Power, this viewpoint was decidedly unpopular. The conflicts experienced by the Collegian, however, were not entirely external. Power struggles and challenges in editorship roused many controversies in the past. For instance, the Rebel Collegian came into existence in 1996 after the battle between Voltaire Veneracion and Richard Gappi, rivals for the EIC post that year. The UP community saw two contending Collegians—Gappi's Rebel Collegian and the regular Collegian under Veneracion. The articles in the Rebel Collegian in 1996 bore no byline, although it was an open secret that Gappi led the publication's operations. The newsprint became an arena of the opposing camps from the ideological rift that characterized the Left movement then. On the one hand, Veneracion and the editor before him, Ibarra Gutierrez, espoused social democratic politics, Gappi and most of his colleagues from former EIC Michael John Ac-Ac's staff embraced national democracy. The 1980s and 1990s spurred additional internal disputes as staffers and editors fought to assert competing philosophies.


Early 21st century

The Collegian was hosted on kule.upd.edu.ph in the early 2000s. It later migrated to philippinecollegian.net and then philippinecollegian.org. Online copies of the publication's print issues were posted on DeviantArt until 2013, later migrating to Issuu. At the height of the campaign against the 300 percent tuition hike, then UP President Emerlinda Roman insisted on a public bidding for the Collegian's printing press, based on the university administration's interpretation of Republic Act 9184 or the Government Procurement Act. The Collegian's funds were withheld for four months. In 2018, the fourth iteration of the Rebel Collegian (Rebel Kulê) was released. Controversy arose when the Board of Judges for the Collegian's editorial examinations, headed by UP College of Mass Communication Dean Elena Pernia, released the list of qualified takers but excluded two Collegian writers, Marvin Ang and Richard Cornelio, on the grounds of their graduating statuses. Law student Jayson Edward San Juan topped the four-part test and the decision was upheld despite appeals from the Collegian and student councils in UP to hold another examination. Sheila Ann Abarra, the managing editor of the past editorial term, served as Rebel Kulê's EIC.


During the COVID-19 pandemic

The Collegian transitioned into online publishing during the
COVID-19 lockdowns During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of Non-pharmaceutical intervention (epidemiology), non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly lockdowns (encompassing stay-at-home orders, curfews, quarantines, and similar socie ...
. The exclusively online arrangement made way for long, broad-gauged writing—in June 2020, the Collegian published a 48-page special online issue on the first three months of the lockdown. Now, the publication continues to publish content and news updates on its Facebook, Instagram, and X, the platform formerly known as Twitter, pages, as well as its official website
phkule.org


Contemporary history

After a two-year hiatus, the Collegian returned to physical publishing in May 2022, just before the
2022 Philippine presidential election Presidential elections in the Philippines were held on May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 Philippine general election, 2022 general election. This was the 17th direct presidential election and 15th vice presidential election in the country since 19 ...
. The publication reverted to a tabloid format in 2023. Since the ouster of Marcos during the EDSA Revolution, the Collegian has regularly undergone changes in format and withstood controversies regarding the selection of its editors.


Collegian editors


Notable alumni

*
Ambrosio Padilla Ambrosio "Paddy" Bibby Padilla (; December 7, 1910 – August 11, 1996) was a Filipino basketball player, lawyer, and an elected member of the Senate of the Philippines. He was one of the most important figures in Asian basketball developme ...
, elected member of the
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
. *
Jose Maria Sison Jose Maria Canlas Sison (; February 8, 1939 – December 16, 2022), also known as Joma, was a Filipino writer, poet, and activist who founded and led the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and added elements of Maoism to its philosophy†...
, scholar, revolutionary, and founder of the
Communist Party of the Philippines The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP; ) is a far-left, Marxist–Leninist–Maoist revolutionary organization and communist party in the Philippines, formed by Jose Maria Sison on 26 December 1968. The CPP has been fighting a gue ...
. *
Franklin Drilon Franklin Magtunao Drilon (; born November 28, 1945) is a Filipino lawyer and former politician. He has served thrice as president of the Senate: in 2000, from 2001 to 2006, and from 2013 to 2016. Having also served as Senate president pro te ...
,
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
President. *
Miriam Defensor Santiago Miriam Palma Defensor-Santiago (June 15, 1945 – September 29, 2016) was a Filipino scholar, academic, lawyer, judge, author, stateswoman, and politician who served in all three branches of the Philippine government: judicial, executive, and l ...
, first woman editor-in-chief of the Philippine Collegian; elected member of the
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
. * Edcel C. Lagman, eight term Representative of the First District of Albay; Author of the Reproductive Health Law, and the triumvirate of human rights laws, namely: the Anti-Enforced Disappearance Law, Anti-Torture Act, and Human Rights Victims Reparation and Recognition Act. *
Wenceslao Vinzons Wenceslao "Bintao" Quinito Vinzons Sr. (September 28, 1910 – July 15, 1942) was a Filipino patriot and leader of the Philippine armed resistance against the Japanese invasion in World War II. He was the youngest delegate to the 1935 Philip ...
, student leader, former governor and representative of
Camarines Norte Camarines Norte (; ), officially the Province of Camarines Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Daet, Camarines Norte, Daet, the most populous town in the ...
. *
Ninotchka Rosca Antonia Rosca-Peña (born December 17, 1946), known by her pen name Ninotchka Rosca, is a Filipina feminist, author, journalist, owl expert, and human rights activist in the Philippines best known for her 1988 novel '' State of War'' and for her ...
, author of the English language novels ''State of War'' and ''Twice Blessed.'' *
Renato Constantino Renato Reyes Constantino Sr. (March 10, 1919 – September 15, 1999) was a Filipino historian known for being part of the leftist tradition of Philippine historiography. Apart from being a historian, Constantino was also engaged in foreign se ...
, historian, author of the Filipino novels ''A Past Revisited'' and ''The Continuing Past''. * Leonardo Quisumbing, Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court (; colloquially referred to as the ' (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission on June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished th ...
. * Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., student leader. *
Reynato Puno Reynato Serrano Puno, KGCR (born May 17, 1940) is a Filipino jurist. He served as the 22nd chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from December 8, 2006, by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo until his mandatory retirement on May ...
,
Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court (; colloquially referred to as the ' (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission on June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished th ...
Chief Justice. * Temario Rivera, Former professor of political science at the
University of the Philippines Diliman The University of the Philippines Diliman (also called UPD; ), also referred to as UP Diliman, is a State university and college (Philippines), public, coeducational, Research university, research university located in Diliman, Quezon City, Ph ...
; author of ''Landlords and Capitalists: Class, Family and State in Philippine Manufacturing''. * Sheila Coronel, journalist, founder of
Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) is a non-profit media organization specializing in investigative journalism. It is based in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1989 by nine Filipino journalists, the organization ...
. * Ma. Lourdes C. Mangahas, founder of
Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) is a non-profit media organization specializing in investigative journalism. It is based in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1989 by nine Filipino journalists, the organization ...
. * Michael Purugganan, Professor of Biology and Dean for Science at the
New York University New York University (NYU) is a private university, private research university in New York City, New York, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a Nondenominational ...
. *
Joker Arroyo Ceferino "Joker" Paz Arroyo Jr. (; January 5, 1927 – October 5, 2015) was a Filipino statesman and key figure in the 1986 EDSA Revolution, EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos. He was a Congressman for Makati fr ...
, elected member of the
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
. *
Arturo Tolentino Arturo "Ka Turing" Modesto Tolentino (September 19, 1910 – August 2, 2004) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as the Senate president and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. He was the vice-presidential running mate o ...
, representative, elected member of the
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and
Vice President of the Philippines The vice president of the Philippines (, also referred to as ) is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elect ...
. *
Benigno Aquino Jr. Benigno "Ninoy" Simeón Aquino Jr., (, ; November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983) was a Filipino politician who served as a senator of the Philippines (1967–1972) and governor of the province of Tarlac (1963–1967). Aquino was the husband ...
, elected member of the
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
; martyr; namesake of
Ninoy Aquino International Airport Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA ; ; ), also known as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main international airport serving Metro Manila in the Philippines. Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about south of ...
. *
Jovito Salonga Jovito Reyes Salonga, Knights of Rizal, KGCR (; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino people, Filipino lawyer and politician, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from th ...
,
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
President. * Homobono Adaza, former Governor of
Misamis Oriental Misamis Oriental (; ; ), officially the Province of Misamis Oriental, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province located in the Regions of the Philippines, region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. The provincial capital, as well as its ...
, Assemblyman, Commissioner of Immigration; author of 12 published books and former columnist of the ''Manila Times''. * Pacifico Agabin, former dean of the
University of the Philippines College of Law The University of the Philippines College of Law (often referred to as UP Law) is the law school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Formally established in 1911 in UP Manila, it is the third oldest continually-operating law school ...
, leading constitutional lawyer. * Emmanuel F. Esguerra, former Deputy Director-General of NEDA and a UP Professor of Economics. * Salvador Carlota, former dean of the
University of the Philippines College of Law The University of the Philippines College of Law (often referred to as UP Law) is the law school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Formally established in 1911 in UP Manila, it is the third oldest continually-operating law school ...
. * Nelson A. Navarro, leading biographer and author. * Luis V. Teodoro, former dean of the
UP College of Mass Communication The University of the Philippines Diliman (also called UPD; ), also referred to as UP Diliman, is a public, coeducational, research university located in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. It was established on February 12, 1949, as the flagsh ...
, writer and author, founding chairman of Altermidya. * Jaime C. Yambao, retired Philippine ambassador to
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
. * Glenn L. Diaz, 2017 Palanca Grand Nobela Winner for ''The Quiet Ones''. * Kenneth Roland A. Guda, editor of progressive newspaper Pinoy Weekly. * Joseph Thaddeus Morong,
GMA Network GMA Network (an acronym of its legal name, Global Media Arts and commonly known as GMA) is a Television in the Philippines, Philippine commercial broadcast network, serving as the flagship property of publicly traded GMA Network (company), ...
correspondent. * Wendell Gumban, activist and slain
New People's Army The New People's Army (; abbreviated NPA or BHB) is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP). It acts as the CPP's principal organization, aiming to consolidate political power from what it sees as the present "bourgeo ...
militia. *
Roberto Verzola Roberto is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish variation of the male given name Robert. Notable people named Roberto include: * Roberto (footballer, born 1912) * Roberto (footballer, born 1977) * Roberto (footballer, born 1978) * Roberto (footb ...
, activist and author.


References


External links

*
Facebook pageTwitter pageIssuu pageInstagram pageTikTok pagePhilippine Collegian 2011-2012 on DeviantArt
- downloadable issues in PDF format
Philippine Collegian 2008-2009 on DeviantArt
- downloadable issues in PDF format
Philippine Collegian 2007-2008 on DeviantArt
- downloadable issues in PDF format
Philippine Collegian 2006-2007 on DeviantArt
- downloadable issues in PDF format {{DEFAULTSORT:Philippine Collegian Student newspapers published in Metro Manila Newspapers established in 1910 1910 establishments in the Philippines