Philippe De Champagne

Philippe de Champaigne (; 26 May 1602 – 12 August 1674) was a Brabant-born French Baroque era painter, a major exponent of the French school. He was a founding member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in Paris, the premier art institution in the Kingdom of France in the eighteenth century.

Life and work

Born of a poor family in Brussels (Duchy of Brabant, Southern Netherlands), during the reign of the Archduke Albert and Isabella, Champaigne was a pupil of the landscape painter Jacques Fouquier. In 1621 he moved to Paris, where he worked with Nicolas Poussin on the decoration of the under the direction of Nicolas Duchesne, whose daughter he would eventually marry. According to Houbraken, Duchesne was angry at Champaigne for becoming more popular than he was at court, and so Champaigne returned to Brussels to live with his brother. It was only after he received news of Duchesne's death that he returned to marry his daughter.

After the death of Duchesne, Champaigne worked for the Queen Mother, Marie de Medicis, for whom he participated in the decoration of the Luxembourg Palace. He made several paintings for the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, dating from 1638. He also drew several cartoons for tapestries. He was made first painter of the Queen with a pension of 1200 livres. He also decorated the Carmelite Church of Faubourg Saint-Jacques, one of the favorite churches of the Queen Mother. This site was destroyed during the French Revolution, but there are several paintings now preserved in museums, that were part of the original design, such as ''The Presentation in the Temple'' in Dijon, the ''Resurrection of Lazarus'' in Grenoble, and the ''Assumption of the Virgin'' in the Louvre.

He also worked for Cardinal Richelieu, for whom he decorated the Palais Cardinal, the dome of the Sorbonne and other buildings. Champaigne was the only artist who was allowed to paint Richelieu enrobed as a cardinal, which he did eleven times. He was a founding member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture in 1648.
Later in his life (from 1640 onwards), he came under the influence of Jansenism. After his paralysed daughter was allegedly miraculously cured at the nunnery of Port-Royal, he painted the celebrated but atypical picture ''Ex-Voto de 1662'', now in the Louvre, which represents the artist's daughter with Mother-Superior Agnès Arnauld.

Career

Champaigne produced a large number of paintings, mainly religious works and portraits. Influenced by Rubens at the beginning of his career, his style later became more austere. Philippe de Champaigne remains an exceptional painter thanks to the brilliance of the colors in his paintings and the stern strength of his compositions.

He portrayed the entire French court, the French high nobility, royalty, high members of the church and the state, parliamentarians and architects, and other notable people. His portrait of the poet Vincent Voiture was created around 1649 as the frontispiece for Voiture's published ''Works'' (published posthumously in 1650). The portrait is highly unusual in that Champaigne later reworked it as a portrait of a religious figure, Saint Louis (King Louis IX), to enable Voiture's daughter to keep it with her when she entered a convent.

In depicting their faces, he refused to show a transitory expression, instead capturing the psychological essence of the person.

His works can be seen in public buildings, private collections, churches such as Val-de-Grâce, Sorbonne, Saint Severin, Saint-Merri, Saint-Médard and in the Basilica of Notre-Dame du Port in Clermont-Ferrand.

Champaigne was prominent enough in his time as to be mentioned in ''Cyrano de Bergerac'' in a line by Ragueneau referencing Cyrano: "Truly, I should not look to find his portrait / By the grave hand of Philippe de Champaigne."

His pupils were his nephew Jean Baptiste de Champaigne, William Faithorne, Jean Morin, and Nicolas de Plattemontagne. During his last period Champaigne painted mainly religious subjects and family members. He died in Paris in 1674.

Gallery

File:Philippe de Champaigne - The Annunciation - WGA04704.jpg, ''The Annunciation'', c. 1645, Wallace Collection
File:Annonciation-JC.jpg, ''The Annunciation'', c. 1636, located in the Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montrésor Church
File:Philippe de Champaigne - The Repentant Magdalen - Google Art Project.jpg, ''The Repentant Magdalen'', 1648
File:Philippe de Champaigne - Le sacrifice d'Isaac.jpg, ''Le sacrifice d'Isaac''
File:Philippe de Champaigne - Moses with the Ten Commandments - WGA04717.jpg, ''Moses with the Ten Commandments''
File:Champaigne eccehomo.jpg, ''Ecce Homo''
File:The Dream of Saint Joseph.jpg, ''The Dream of Saint Joseph'', 1642–43, National Gallery, London
File:Champaigne, Philippe de - Saint Augustin - 1645-1650.jpg, ''Saint Augustin'', 1645–1650
File:St.Paul-PhilippeChampaigne.jpg, ''Saint Paul''

File:Philippe de Champaigne 003.jpg, Portrait of Arnauld d'Andilly, 1650, Louvre
File:LouisXIII.jpg, ''Louis XIII of France in Coronation Robes'', c. 1622–1639, Royal Collection
File:Champaigne portrait richelieu eb.jpg, '' Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu'', 1642, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg
File:Triple Portrait of Cardinal de Richelieu probably 1642, Philippe de Champaigne.jpg, '' Triple portrait of Cardinal de Richelieu'', c. 1642, National Gallery, London
File:Colbert1666.jpg, Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1666
File:Philippe de Champaigne - Reverend Father Giovanni Antonio Philippini.png, ''Reverend Father Giovanni Antonio Philippini'', 1651, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
1993.35

File:Philippe de Champaigne 002.jpg, ''Portrait of Omer Talon'', 1649
File:Charles II (de Champaigne).jpg, Charles II of England, 1653
File:Mansard champaigne.jpg, ''Double portrait of François Mansard and Claude Perrault

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