''Philine'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea slug
Sea slug is a common name for some Marine biology, marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial Slug, slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are gastropods, i.e. they are Sea snail, sea snails (marine gastropod moll ...
s or
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
s in the subfamily
Philininae of the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Philinidae, the headshield slugs or paper bubbles.
[Gofas, S. (2011). Philine Ascanius, 1772. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138339 on 2011-09-21]
Species
Species within the genus ''Philine'' include:
* ''
Philine abyssicola''
Valdès, 2008
* ''
Philine aethiopica''
Thiele, 1925
* ''
Philine alboides''
Price, Gosliner & Valdés, 2011
* ''
Philine amabilis''
Verrill, 1880
* ''
Philine angasi''
Crosse and Fischer, 1865
* ''
Philine angulata''
Jeffreys, 1867 - angled paper-bubble, angled paperbubble
* ''
Philine aperta''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1767)
* ''
Philine approximans''
Dautzenberg & Fischer H., 1896
* ''
Philine araneosa''
van der Linden, 1995
* ''
Philine argentina''
Carcelles, 1947
* ''
Philine auriformis''
Suter
Suter is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Alexis P. Suter (born 1963), American blues, and soul blues singer and songwriter
* Andrew Burn Suter (1830–1895), Bishop of the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand
* Andrina Suter (bor ...
, 1909
* ''
Philine azorica''
Bouchet, 1975
* ''
Philine babai''
Valdés, 2008
* ''
Philine bakeri''
Dall, 1919
* ''
Philine baxteri''
Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
* ''
Philine beachportensis''
Verco, 1909
* ''
Philine berghi''
E. A. Smith, 1910
* ''
Philine buchensis''
Caballer & Ortea, 2015
* ''
Philine burrowsi''
Burn, 1961
* ''
Philine caballeri''
Ortea, Espinosa & Moro, 2001
* ''
Philine caledonica''
Risbec, 1951
* ''
Philine candeana''
(d'Orbigny, 1841)
* ''
Philine catena''
(Montagu, 1803)
* ''
Philine cerebralis''
Malaquias, Ohnheiser, Oskars & Willassen, 2016
* ''
Philine columnaria''
Hedley & May, 1908
* ''
Philine complanata''
Watson, 1897
* ''
Philine constricta''
Murdoch and Suter
Suter is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Alexis P. Suter (born 1963), American blues, and soul blues singer and songwriter
* Andrew Burn Suter (1830–1895), Bishop of the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand
* Andrina Suter (bor ...
, 1906
* ''
Philine cumingii''
(Adams
Adams may refer to:
* For persons, see Adams (surname)
Places United States
*Adams, California
*Adams, California, former name of Corte Madera, California
* Adams, Decatur County, Indiana
*Adams, Kentucky
*Adams, Massachusetts, a New England to ...
1862)
* ''
Philine denticulata''
(J. Adams, 1800)
* ''
Philine dentiphallus''
Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
* ''
Philine elegans''
Bergh, 1905
* ''
Philine exigua''
Challis, 1969
* ''
Philine fenestra''
Price, Gosliner & Valdés, 2011
* ''
Philine gelida''
van der Linden, 1995
* ''
Philine guineensis''
Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1966
* ''
Philine habei''
Valdés, 2008
* ''
Philine harrisae''
Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
* ''
Philine hemphilli''
Dall, 1919
* ''
Philine infortunata''
Pilsbry
Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a cent ...
, 1895
* ''
Philine infundibulum''
Dall, 1889
* ''
Philine intricata''
Monterosato, 1875
* ''
Philine iris''
Tringali, 2001
* ''
Philine kinglipini''
Tchang, 1934
* ''
Philine kurodai''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Philine lucida''
Dall, 1927
* ''
Philine malaquiasi''
Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
* ''
Philine mcleani''
Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
* ''
Philine mera''
Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969
* ''
Philine monilifera''
Bouchet, 1975
* ''
Philine monterosati''
Monterosato, 1874
* ''
Philine multipapillata''
Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
* ''
Philine orca''
Gosliner, 1988
* ''
Philine orientalis''
A. Adams, 1854
* ''
Philine multipapillata''
Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
* ''
Philine paucipapillata''
Price, Gosliner & Valdés, 2011
* ''
Philine pittmani''
Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
* ''
Philine planata''
Dall, 1889
* ''
Philine polystrigma''
(Dall, 1908)
* ''
Philine powelli''
Rudman, 1870
* ''
Philine puka''
Price, Gosliner & Valdés, 2011
* ''
Philine punctata''
(J. Adams, 1800)
* ''
Philine quadripartita''
Ascanius, 1772
* ''
Philine rubra''
Bergh, 1905
* ''
Philine rubrata''
Gosliner, 1988
* ''
Philine rugosula''
Dautzenberg & Fischer H., 1896
* ''
Philine sagra''
(d'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...
, 1841) - crenulate paper-bubble, crenulate paperbubble
* ''
Philine sarcophaga''
Price, Gosliner & Valdés, 2011
* ''
Philine scalpta''
Adams
Adams may refer to:
* For persons, see Adams (surname)
Places United States
*Adams, California
*Adams, California, former name of Corte Madera, California
* Adams, Decatur County, Indiana
*Adams, Kentucky
*Adams, Massachusetts, a New England to ...
, 1862
* ''
Philine schrammi''
Malaquias, Ohnheiser, Oskars & Willassen, 2016
* † ''
Philine seyithasanensis''
Landau, Harzhauser, İslamoğlu & C. M. Silva, 2013
* ''
Philine sinuata''
Stimpson, 1851
* ''
Philine striatula''
Monterosato, 1874
* ''
Philine striolata''
A. Adams, 1862
* † ''
Philine takatensis''
Yokoyama, 1922
* ''
Philine talismani''
Sykes, 1905
* † ''
Philine tepikia''
Rudman, 1970
* ''
Philine teres''
Hedley, 1903
* ''
Philine tincta''
A. E. Verrill, 1882 - tinted paper-bubble, tinted paperbubble
* ''
Philine trapezia''
Hedley, 1902
* ''
Philine umbilicata''
Murdoch and Suter
Suter is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Alexis P. Suter (born 1963), American blues, and soul blues singer and songwriter
* Andrew Burn Suter (1830–1895), Bishop of the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand
* Andrina Suter (bor ...
, 1906
* ''
Philine vaillanti''
Issel, 1869
* ''
Philine verdensis''
Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
* ''
Philine vestita''
(Philippi, 1840)
* ''
Philine wareni''
Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
;Taxa inquirenda
* ''Philine acutangula''
A. Adams, 1862
* ''Philine desmotis''
Watson, 1897
* ''Philine minuta''
Thiele, 1925
* ''Philine sykesii''
Melvill, 1904
* ''Philine truncatissima''
G. B. Sowerby II, 1870
* ''Philine vitrea''
Gould, 1859
; Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Philine alata''
Thiele, 1912: synonym of ''
Antarctophiline alata''
(Thiele, 1912) (original combination)
* ''Philine alba''
Mattox, 1958 - white paper-bubble, white paperbubble: synonym of ''
Philinorbis albus''
(Mattox, 1958) (original combination)
* ''Philine alternans''
van der Linden, 1995: synonym of ''
Laona alternans''
(van der Linden, 1995) (original combination)
* ''Philine antarctica''
Smith, 1902: synonym of ''
Waegelea antarctica''
(E. A. Smith, 1902) (original combination)
* ''Philine apertissima''
Smith, 1902: synonym of ''
Antarctophiline apertissima''
(E. A. Smith, 1902) (original combination)
* ''Philine apertissima''
de Folin, 1893: synonym of ''Philine quadripartita''
Ascanius, 1772
* ''Philine argentata''
Gould, 1859: synonym of ''Philine orientalis''
A. Adams, 1854
* ''Philine californica''
Willett, 1944 - California paper-bubble, California paperbubble : synonym of ''
Laona californica''
(Willett, 1944) (original combination)
* ''Philine calva''
van der Linden, 1995: synonym of ''Philine striatula''
Monterosato, 1874
* ''Philine chilla''
Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1969: synonym of ''
Laona chilla''
(Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1969) (original combination)
* ''Philine cingulata''
G. O. Sars, 1878 - girdled paper-bubble, girdled paperbubble : synonym of ''Philine finmarchica''
M. Sars, 1858
* ''Philine condensa''
van der Linden, 1995: synonym of ''
Laona condensa''
(van der Linden, 1995) (original combination)
* ''Philine confusa''
Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013: synonym of ''
Laona confusa''
(Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013)
* ''Philine falklandica''
A. W. B. Powell, 1951: synonym of ''
Antarctophiline falklandica''
(Powell, 1951) (original combination)
* ''Philine fragilis''
G. O. Sars, 1878 - fragile paper-bubble, fragile paperbubble : synonym of ''Philine finmarchica''
M. Sars, 1858: synonym of ''
Praephiline finmarchica''
(M. Sars, 1859)
* ''Philine gibba''
(Strebel, 1908): synonym of ''
Antarctophiline gibba''
(Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
* ''Philine gouldi''
Doello-Jurado, 1918: synonym of ''
Antarctophiline gibba''
(Strebel, 1908)
* ''Philine grandioculi''
Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013: synonym of ''
Laona grandioculi''
(Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013)
* ''Philine indistincta''
Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013: synonym of ''
Hermania indistincta''
(Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013) (original combination)
* ''Philine japonica''
Lischke, 1872: synonym of ''Philine orientalis''
A. Adams, 1854
* ''Philine kawamurai''
(Habe, 1958): synonym of ''
Globophiline kawamurai''
Habe, 1958
* ''Philine kerguelensis''
Thiele, 1925: synonym of ''
Spiraphiline kerguelensis''
(Thiele, 1925) (original combination)
* ''Philine laevissima''
M. Sars, 1859: synonym of ''
Diaphana hiemalis''
(Couthouy, 1839)
* ''Philine lima''
(T. Brown, 1825) - file paper-bubble, file paperbubble: synonym of ''
Retusophiline lima''
(T. Brown, 1827)
* ''Philine lineolata''
(Couthouy, 1839): synonym of ''Philine lima''
(T. Brown, 1825): synonym of ''
Retusophiline lima''
(T. Brown, 1827)
* ''Philine loveni''
Malm, 1858: synonym of ''
Philine scabra''
(O. F. Müller, 1784)
* ''Philine milneedwardsi''
Locard, 1897: synonym of ''Philine quadripartita''
Ascanius, 1772
* ''Philine monterosatoi''
Sykes, 1905: synonym of ''Philine monterosati''
Monterosato, 1874 (unjustified emendation)
* ''Philine ossiansarsi''
Friele, 1877: synonym of ''Philine finmarchica''
M. Sars, 1858
* ''Philine polaris''
Aurivillius, 1885 - axial paper-bubble, axial paperbubble: synonym of ''
Philine quadrata''
(S. Wood, 1839)
* ''Philine pruinosa''
(Clark, 1827): synonym of ''
Laona pruinosa''
(W. Clark, 1827)
* ''Philine polystrigma''
( Dall, 1908): synonym of ''
Woodbridgea polystrigma''
(Dall, 1908)
* ''Philine quadrata''
(S. V. Wood, 1839) - quadrate paper-bubble, quadrate paperbubble: synonym of ''
Laona quadrata''
(S. Wood, 1839)
* ''Philine retifera''
(Forbes, 1844): synonym of ''Philine vestita''
(Philippi, 1840)
* ''Philine rugulosa''
(Dautzenberg & Fischer H., 1896): synonym of ''Philine rugosula''
Dautzenberg & Fischer H., 1896
* ''Philine scabra''
Muller, 1784: synonym of ''
Hermania scabra''
(O. F. Müller, 1784)
* ''Philine sinuata''
Stimpson, 1851 - sinuate paper-bubble, sinuate paperbubble : synonym of ''Philine denticulata''
(Adams J., 1800)
* ''Philine striatella''
Tapparone-Canefri, 1874 : synonym of ''Philine orientalis''
A. Adams, 1854
* ''Philine trachyostraca''
Watson, 1897: synonym of ''
Philine retifera''
(Forbes, 1844)
* ''Philine thurmanni''
Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969: synonym of ''
Laona thurmanni''
(Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969)
* ''Philine ventricosa''
(Jeffreys, 1865): synonym of ''
Laona ventricosa''
(Jeffreys, 1865)
References
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
* Chaban E.M. & Soldatenko E.V. (2009) ''Description of a new genus Praephiline gen. nov. (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Philinidae)''. Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 205-211.
* Price R.M., Gosliner T.M. & Valdés A. (2011) ''Systematics and phylogeny of Philine (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia), with emphasis on the Philine aperta species complex''. The Veliger 51(2): 1-58.
External links
*
*
*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3139202
Philinidae