''Phikmvvirus'' is a genus of
viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ...
that
infect bacteria. There are currently 16 species in this genus including the type species ''
Pseudomonas virus phiKMV''.
Bacteriophage
A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a phage (), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. The term is derived . Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that Capsid, encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have structu ...
phiKMV and its relatives are known to be highly
virulent
Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host.
In most cases, especially in animal systems, virulence refers to the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host. The pathogenicity of an organism—its abilit ...
phages, producing large ( diameter) clear
plaques on a susceptible host. The only reported exception is phage LKA1, which yields small plaques () surrounded by a halo. While all other ''P. aeruginosa''-specific phikmvviruses use the
Type IV pili
A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; : pili) is a hair-like cell-surface appendage found on many bacteria and archaea. The terms ''pilus'' and '' fimbria'' (Latin for 'fringe'; plural: ''fimbriae'') can be used interchangeably, although some researchers ...
as primary receptor, LKA1 particles attach to the bacterial
lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), now more commonly known as endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, such as '' E. coli'' and ''Salmonella'' with a common structural archit ...
layer.
Taxonomy
The following species are recognized:
* ''
Pseudomonas virus 130-113
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus 15pyo
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus Ab05
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus ABTNL
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus DL62
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus kF77''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus LKD16
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of Metabolism, metabolic diversity and consequently are able to ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus LUZ19
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus MPK6
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of Metabolism, metabolic diversity and consequently are able to ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus MPK7''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus NFS
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus PAXYB1
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus phiKMV''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus PT2
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus PT5
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
* ''
Pseudomonas virus RLP
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a w ...
''
Virology
Electron microscopic imaging of purified phage particles revealed these phages as typical members of the ''
Podoviridae
Podoviridae was a family of bacteriophage in the order '' Caudovirales'' often associated with T-7 like phages. The family and order '' Caudovirales'' have now been abolished, with the term podovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses ...
'', with a head diameter of approximately and a stubby tail with a length of 8–10 nm. Although phiKMV phage resembles the well-studied
podovirus T7 in overall
genome
A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as ...
architecture, it was the first known
T7-like phage which encoded a single-subunit
RNA polymerase
In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template.
Using the e ...
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
downstream its
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
metabolism genes instead of in the early genomic region. Based on these properties, the genus ''Phikmvvirus'' is classified within the ''
Autographiviridae
''Autographivirales'' is an Order (biology), order of viruses in the class ''Caudoviricetes''. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. The order has 4 families, 2 subfamilies unassigned to a family, and a large number of genera unassigned to a family.
...
''.
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by absorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.
References
External links
Viralzone: PhikmvlikevirusICTV
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2017
Caudovirales
Virus genera