Pherbellia Albicarpa
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''Pherbellia'' is a genus of
flies Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Diptera, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwin ...
in the family
Sciomyzidae The family (biology), family Sciomyzidae belongs to the typical flies (Brachycera) of the order (biology), order Fly, Diptera. They are commonly called marsh flies, and in some cases snail-killing flies due to the food of their larvae. Here, t ...
, the marsh flies or snail-killing flies. They occur throughout the world, except for the
Subantarctic The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46th parallel south, 46° and 60th parallel south, 60° south of t ...
region. Like many Sciomyzidae, species of this genus have
larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...
e that are predators or
parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...
s of
snail A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gas ...
s. The larva of ''P. albovaria'', for example, eats
land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s such as '' Anguispira alternata'' and '' A. fergusoni'', and then pupates in the empty shell. The ''P. albocostata'' larva eats up to five snails and then pupates in the ground litter next to the last empty shell. The larva of ''P. inflexa'' attacks the glass snail '' Zonitoides arboreus''. ''P. punctata'' is a parasitoid on the amber snail ''
Succinea putris ''Succinea putris'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail in the family (biology), family Succineidae, the amber snails. Description The 10-17 (27) x 6-8 mm shell has 3-4 whorls. These are relatively flat and with shallow sutur ...
''. ''P. anubis'' larvae feed on several types of
freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs t ...
s along the edges of ponds and
marsh In ecology, a marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p More in genera ...
es. Several ''Pherbellia'' are predators of the pond snail ''
Stagnicola palustris ''Stagnicola palustris'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Stagnicola palustris (O. F. Mülle ...
''. While most snail-killing flies target land and freshwater pulmonate snails, ''P. prefixa'' preys on the mossy valvata (''Valvata sincera''), which is an operculate snail in the valve snail family. As of 2012 there were about 95 species in the genus.


Species

Species in this genus include:''Pherbellia''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
*Subgenus '' Chetocera'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 :*'' P. albicarpa'' ( Rondani, 1868) :*'' P. albocostata'' ( Fallén, 1820) :*'' P. albovaria'' ( Coquillett, 1901) :*'' P. alpina'' ( Frey, 1930) :*'' P. annulipes'' ( Zetterstedt, 1846) :*'' P. anubis'' Knutson, 1969 :*'' P. argyrotarsis'' ( Becker, 1908) :*'' P. austera'' ( Meigen, 1830) :*'' P. czernyi'' ( Hendel, 1902) :*'' P. dorsata'' ( Zetterstedt, 1846) :*'' P. dubia'' ( Fallén, 1820) :*'' P. fisheri'' Orth, 1987 :*'' P. footei'' Steyskal, 1961 :*'' P. griseicollis'' ( Becker, 1900) :*'' P. griseola'' ( Fallén, 1820) :*'' P. hackmani'' Rozkosny, 1982 :*'' P. hermonensis'' Knutson & Freidberg, 1983 :*'' P. idahoensis'' Steyskal, 1961 :*'' P. inclusa'' ( Wollaston, 1858) :*'' P. melanderi'' Steyskal, 1963 :*'' P. nana'' ( Fallén, 1820) :*'' P. obscura'' (Ringdahl, 1948) :*'' P. obtusa'' ( Fallén, 1820) :*'' P. oregona'' Steyskal, 1961 :*'' P. pallidiventris'' ( Fallén, 1820) :*'' P. pilosa'' ( Hendel, 1902) :*'' P. priscillae'' Knutson & Freidberg, 1983 :*'' P. quadrata'' Steyskal, 1961 :*'' P. rozkosnyi'' Verbeke, 1967 :*'' P. scutellaris'' (von Roser, 1840) :*'' P. seticoxa'' Steyskal, 1961 :*'' P. similis'' (Cresson, 1920) :*'' P. sordida'' ( Hendel, 1902) :*'' P. steyskali'' Rozkosny & Zuska, 1965 :*'' P. subtilis'' Orth & Steyskal, 1980 :*'' P. suspecta'' Orth & Steyskal, 1981 :*'' P. vitalis'' (Cresson, 1920) :*'' P. ventralis'' ( Fallén, 1820) *Subgenus '' Dictyomyza'' Enderlein, 1939 :*'' P. clathrata'' ( Loew, 1874) *Subgenus '' Ditaenia'' Hendel, 1902 :*'' P. cinerella'' ( Fallén, 1820) *Subgenus '' Graphomyzina'' Macquart, 1835 :*'' P. cingulata'' (Verbeke, 1950) :*'' P. costata'' (Verbeke, 1950) :*'' P. dives'' ( Bezzi, 1928) :*'' P. guttata'' ( Coquillett, 1901) :*'' P. javana'' Meijere, 1911 :*'' P. juxtajavana'' Knutson, Manguin & Orth, 1990 :*'' P. kivuana'' (Verbeke, 1950) :*'' P. limbata'' ( Meigen, 1830) :*'' P. trabeculata'' ( Loew, 1872) *Subgenus '' Oxytaenia''
Sack A sack usually refers to a rectangular-shaped bag. Sack may also refer to: Bags * Flour sack * Gunny sack * Hacky sack, sport * Money sack * Paper sack * Sleeping bag * Stuff sack * Knapsack Other uses * Bed, a slang term * Sack (band), ...
, 1939
:*'' P. beatricis'' Steyskal, 1949 :*'' P. borea'' Orth, 1982 :*'' P. brunnipes'' ( Meigen, 1838) :*'' P. bryanti'' Steyskal, 1967 :*'' P. californica'' Orth, 1982 :*'' P. knutsoni'' Verbeke, 1967 :*'' P. marthae'' Orth, 1982 :*'' P. mikiana'' ( Hendel, 1900) :*'' P. pallidicarpa'' ( Rondani, 1868) :*'' P. paludum'' Orth, 1982 :*'' P. prefixa'' Steyskal, 1967 :*'' P. propages'' Steyskal, 1967 :*'' P. stackelbergi'' Elberg, 1965 :*'' P. ursilacus'' Orth, 1982 *Subgenus '' Pherbellia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 :*'' P. schoenherri'' ( Fallén, 1826) *unplaced :*'' P. aloea'' Orth, 1983 :*'' P. argyra'' Verbeke, 1967 :*'' P. brevistriata'' Li, Yang & Gu, 2001 :*'' P. causta'' Hendel, 1913 :*'' P. chiloesis'' ( Malloch, 1933) :*'' P. dentata'' Merz & Rozkosny, 1995 :*'' P. ditoma'' Steyskal, 1956 :*'' P. evittata'' ( Malloch, 1933) :*'' P. frohnei'' Steyskal, 1963 :*'' P. garganica'' Rivosecchi, 1989 :*'' P. goberti'' ( Pandellé, 1902) :*'' P. guttipennis'' Hendel, 1932 :*'' P. inflexa'' Orth, 1983 :*'' P. koreana'' Rozkosny & Kozanek, 1989 :*'' P. krivosheinae'' Rozkosny & Knutson, 1991 :*'' P. kugleri'' Knutson, 1986 :*'' P. luctifera'' ( Loew, 1861) :*'' P. lutheri'' Rozkosny, 1982 :*'' P. majuscula'' ( Rondani, 1868) :*'' P. orientalis'' Rozkosny & Knutson, 1991 :*'' P. ozerovi'' Rozkosny, 1991 :*'' P. phela'' Steyskal, 1963 :*'' P. philippii'' ( Malloch, 1933) :*'' P. shatalkini'' Rozkosny, 1991 :*'' P. silana'' Rivosecchi, 1989 :*'' P. spectabilis'' Orth, 1984 :*'' P. tenuipes'' ( Loew, 1872) :*'' P. terminalis'' ( Walker, 1858) :*'' P. tricolor'' Sueyoshi, 2001 :*'' P. vittigera'' ( Malloch, 1933)


References

{{Authority control Sciomyzidae Articles containing video clips Sciomyzoidea genera Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy