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Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long
Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long aliphatic
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons ( compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. ''aleiphar'', fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all ...
chains and phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.
The molecule consists of a phenyl group () ...
ic rings. Phenolic lipids occur in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Types
* Alkylcatechols * Alkylphenols (nonylphenol, cardanol) *Alkylresorcinol
Alkylresorcinols (ARs), also known as resorcinolic lipids, are amphiphilic phenolic lipids characterised by a non-polar odd-numbered alkyl side chain with up to 27 carbon atoms attached to a polar resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) ring.
Natura ...
s
* Anacardic acid
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, chemical compounds found in the shell of the cashew nut (''Anacardium occidentale''). An acid form of urushiol, they also cause an allergic skin rash on contact, known as urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. An ...
s
Biological activity
Due to their strong amphiphilic character, the phenolic lipids can incorporate into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial, fungal, protozoan and parasite growth seems to depend on their interaction with proteins and/or on their membrane-disturbing properties.Biological role
The phenolic lipid synthesis by type III polyketide synthases is essential for cyst formation in ''Azotobacter vinelandii
''Azotobacter vinelandii'' is Gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. These bacteria are easily cultured and grown.
''A. vinelandii'' is a free-living N2 fixer known to produce many phytohormones and vitamins in ...
''.
See also
*Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing ...
References
{{ReflistExternal links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20130327084649/http://www.cyberlipid.org/simple/simp0006.htm