''Phellinus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the family

Hymenochaetaceae The ''Hymenochaetaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. The family contains several species that are implicated in many diseases of broad-leaved and coniferous trees, causing heart rot, canker and root disea ...

. Many species cause

white rot A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as ''Serpula lacrymans'', and some, such as '' Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are par ...

Fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...

, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate,

sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...

, and

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

. The

flesh Flesh is any aggregation of soft tissues of an organism. Various multicellular organisms have soft tissues that may be called "flesh". In mammals, including humans, ''flesh'' encompasses muscles, fats and other loose connective tissues, ...

is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in color.

Clamp connection A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of basidiomycete fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rece ...

s are absent, and the skeletal

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one o ...

e are yellowish-brown. The name ''Phellinus'' means ''cork''. The species ''

Phellinus ellipsoideus ''Phellinus ellipsoideus'' (formerly ''Fomitiporia ellipsoidea'') is a species of polypore fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae, a specimen of which produced the largest fungal fruit body ever recorded. Found in China, the fruit bodies produce ...

'' (previously ''Fomitiporia ellipsoidea'') produced the largest ever fungal fruit body. Phellinin_a-B

''Phellinus'' species produce a number of natural chemicals which are of interest to science. These include the natural

phenol Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () ...

hispidin Hispidin is a natural substance. It can also be synthesized. Hispidin 4-''O''-β-D-glucopyranoside can be found in ''Pteris ensiformis'' whereas hispidin derivatives, such as phellibaumins, can be found in the edible mushroom '' Inonotus xerantic ...

bio-active In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or ...

styrylpyrones called phelligridins, and bio-active isolates called phellinins.

Uses

In Australia, Indigenous Australians have used ''Phellinus'' fruit bodies medicinally. The smoke from burning fruit bodies was inhaled by those with sore throats. Scrapings from slightly charred fruit bodies were drunk with water to treat coughing, sore throats, "bad chests", fevers and diarrhoea. There is some uncertainty about which species of ''Phellinus'' were used.

Species

, ''

Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and th ...

'' lists 81 species in the genus ''Phellinus''. Selected species include: * ''

'' * ''

Phellinus igniarius ''Phellinus igniarius'' (syn. ''Phellinus trivialis''), commonly known as the willow bracket, fire sponge'','' false tinder polypore, punk ash polypore, or false tinder conk, is a fungus of the family ''Hymenochaetaceae''. Like other members of t ...

'' * ''

Phellinus lundellii ''Phellinus lundellii'' is a species of fungus belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae The ''Hymenochaetaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. The family contains several species that are implicated in ...

'' * ''

Phellinus pomaceus ''Phellinus pomaceus'' is a plant pathogen particularly common on ''Prunus'' species. It is not aggressively pathogenic but can cause considerable decay in trees suffering from other stress factors. ''P. pomaceus'' is found in Europe as well as ar ...

'' * ''

Phellinus tremulae ''Phellinus tremulae'', the aspen bracket, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae The ''Hymenochaetaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. The family contains several species that ...

'' * ''

Phellinus viticola ''Phellinus viticola'' is a species of fungus belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae. Synonym: * ''Polyporus viticola'' Schwein, 1828 (= basionym In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new ...

'' The widespread species ''

Fulvifomes robiniae ''Fulvifomes robiniae'', commonly called the cracked cap polypore, is a fungus of the family of Hymenochaetaceae. The fungus primarily infests black locusts, aided by openings caused by '' Megacyllene robiniae'' infestation, but also grows on ...

'' was formerly considered within ''Phellinus'', but was moved to the genus ''Fulvifomes'' when that genus was resurrected based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

References

{{Authority control Agaricomycetes genera