''Phasianella'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...

the pheasant shells, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s with a

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime (mineral), lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of Science, scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcare ...

operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine current power * Marine debris * Marine energy * Marine habitats * Mari ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

in the family

Phasianellidae Phasianellidae, with the common name "pheasant shells" or "pheasant snails", is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of s ...

Description

The white shell has a bulimiform or subglobose shape. It is polished, without epidermis or nacre, variegated with bright colors. The heavy operculum is calcareous, internally paucispiral, with a nucleus near the basal margin. It is externally convex. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

is smooth, arcuate and not dentate. The animal has long tentacles, and has usually pectinated head lobes. These frontal lobes distinguish this genus from '' Tricolia'', which lacks frontal lobes. The epipodial line contains generally cirrhi. The branchial plume is long. The narrow foot is long, pointed posteriorly, rounded before. Below it is divided longitudinally by a median groove. The rhomboidal jaws are covered with imbricating scales. The

radula The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...

is rather short. The formula of teeth is typically ∞ 5.1.5 ∞, but sometimes lacks the median and outer lateral teeth. Contrary to most spiral species, the two gills in Phasiannela are close together, so as to appear almost as one.

Distribution

The species in this genus occur in the tropical

Indo-West Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the s ...

and off

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Phasianella'' include: * '' Phasianella australis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * † '' Phasianella brandenburgi'' O. Boettger, 1907Robertson R. (2010). "A true ''Phasianella'' from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Central Paratethys of Romania (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae)". ''

Archiv für Molluskenkunde ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Senckenberg Nature Research Society, covering research in malacology. Coverage ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' publishes original research on all aspects of mo ...

'' 139(2): 247-253. . * '' Phasianella bryani'' Pilsbry, 1917Henry A. Pilsbry (1917), Marine Mollusks of Hawaii, I-III; Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 69, No. 2 (Apr. -Sep., 1917), pp. 207-230
/ref> * '' Phasianella molokaiensis'' Pilsbry, 1917 (

taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...

) * '' Phasianella nivosa'' Reeve, 1862 * '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * '' Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 * '' Phasianella wisemanni'' Baird, 1873 (taxon inquirendum) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Phasianella adamsi'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of '' Eulithidium adamsi'' (Philippi, 1853) * ''Phasianella aethiopica'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella affinis'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

Eulithidium affine ''Eulithidium affine'', common name the polka-dot pheasant or the spotted pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell reaches 6.2 mm. The elongate shell ...

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Phasianella africana'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of '' Tricolia africana'' (Bartsch, 1915) * ''Phasianella angulifera'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Littoraria angulifera ''Littoraria angulifera'' or the mangrove periwinkle is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822). Acce ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Phasianella bella'' M. Smith, 1937: synonym of '' Eulithidium bellum'' (M. Smith, 1937) * ''Phasianella bifasciata'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''

Lacuna vincta ''Lacuna vincta'', commonly known as northern lacuna, wide lacuna, northern chink shell, or banded chink shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. It is found intertidall ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella brevis'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of '' Eulithidium adamsi'' (Philippi, 1853) * ''Phasianella brevis'' Vélain, 1877: synonym of '' Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Phasianella brevis'' auct. non d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Gabrielona sulcifera'' Robertson, 1973 * ''Phasianella brevis'' Menke, 1843 : synonym of ''Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Phasianella brevis'' d'Orbigny, 1842; ''P. turgida'' is a replacement name) * ''Phasianella brevissima'' Pilsbry, 1888: synonym of '' Eulithidium breve'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) omen dubium* ''Phasianella bulimoides'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella caloundra Iredale, 1927:OBIS: ''Phasianella caloundra''
/ref> synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella canalis'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella capensis'' Dunker, 1846: synonym of '' Tricolia capensis'' (Dunker, 1846) * ''Phasianella concinna'' C. B. Adams, 1850 : synonym of ''

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Phasianella concolor'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of '' Assiminea succinea'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * ''Phasianella cornea'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella crassior'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Lacuna crassior ''Lacuna crassior'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Distribution ''Lacuna crassior'' is a circumboreal and subarctic species that has Britain as its southern limit. It ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella decorata'' Chenu: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella delicatula'' Tenison-Woods, J.E., 1877: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella elachista'' Melvill, 1901: synonym of '' Tricolia fordiana'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''Phasianella elongata'' Krauss, 1848: : synonym of '' Tricolia elongata'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Phasianella fasciata'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

Bankivia fasciata ''Bankivia fasciata'', common name the banded kelp shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Bankivia fasciata'' (Menke, 1830). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (Menke, 1830) * ''Phasianella ferussaci'' Guerin 1829 : synonym of ''

Tricolia speciosa ''Tricolia speciosa'', common name the Mediterranean pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell varies between 7 mm and 13 mm. The thin, shining sh ...

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella flammulata'' (Hutton, 1878): synonym of '' Eatoniella huttoni'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''Phasianella formosa'' Turton, 1932: synonym of '' Tricolia formosa'' (Turton, 1932) * ''Phasianella fulgurata'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella fulminata'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

'' (Menke, 1830) * ''Phasianella grata'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella histrio'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella inflexa'' Blainville, 1825: synonym of '' Melanella dufresnii'' Bowdich, 1822 * ''Phasianella intermedia'' Scacchi, 1836: synonym of '' Tricolia tenuis'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Phasianella jaspidea'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella kraussi'' E. A. Smith, 1911: synonym of '' Tricolia kraussi'' (E. A. Smith, 1911) * ''Phasianella lehmanni'' Menke, 1830: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella lentiginosa'' Reeve: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella lineata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Littoraria tessellata'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Phasianella lineata'' auct. non Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina interrupta ''Echinolittorina interrupta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Distribution Description The maximum recorded shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design ...

'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Phasianella lineolata'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella lipeata'' Krebs, 1864: synonym of ''

Eulithidium tessellatum ''Eulithidium tessellatum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Phasianellidae. Description The shell size varies between 3 mm and 6 mm. The short and solid shell has an oval or ovate shape. The spire i ...

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella lymnaeoides'' Anton 1839: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella meleagris'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of '' Echinolittorina meleagris'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella minima'' Melvill, 1896: synonym of '' Tricolia fordiana'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''Phasianella minuta'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella modesta'' Gould, 1861: synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella montebelloensis'' Preston, 1914: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella munieri'' Vélain, 1877: synonym of '' Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Phasianella nebulosa'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Littoraria nebulosa'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Phasianella nepeanensis'' Gatliff & Gabriel, 1908: synonym of '' Gabrielona nepeanensis'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1908) * ''Phasianella neritina'' Dunker, 1846: synonym of ''

Tricolia neritina ''Tricolia neritina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republ ...

'' (Dunker, 1846) * ''Phasianella nivosa'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella peruviana'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina peruviana ''Echinolittorina peruviana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Phasianella petiti'' Craven, 1882: synonym of '' Tricolia petiti'' (Craven, 1882) * ''Phasianella picta'' DeBlain: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella preissi'' Menke, 1830: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella pullus'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

Tricolia pullus ''Tricolia pullus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Subspecies Subspecies within this species are not clearly distinguishable and are described on a geographical base. They include: * '' ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Phasianella punctata'' Pfeiffer, 1840: synonym of '' Echinolittorina meleagris'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella reticulata'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella rubens'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella sanguinea'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''albina'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''atra'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1884: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''atrata'' Dautzenberg 1883: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''aurea'' Dautzenberg 1882: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''lactea'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''maculata'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''major'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''normalis'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''purpurea'' Dautzenberg 1883: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''sanguinea'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1884: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''spirolineata'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''viridis'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella splendida'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella striata'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella striolata'' Turton, 1932: synonym of '' Tricolia striolata'' (Turton, 1932) * ''Phasianella stylifera'' Turton, 1825: synonym of '' Pelseneeria stylifera'' (Turton, 1825) * ''Phasianella sulcata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Littoraria irrorata ''Littoraria irrorata'', also known by the common name the marsh periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae. The specific epithet ' means 'moistened' or 'dewy.' This species occurs in salt mars ...

'' (Say, 1822) * ''Phasianella sulcosa'' Mighels, 1843: synonym of '' Odostomia sulcosa'' (Mighels, 1843) * ''Phasianella tessellata'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella tesselata'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella tessellata'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina punctata ''Echinolittorina punctata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Phasianella thaanumi'' Pilsbry, 1917: synonym of '' Hiloa variabilis'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Phasianella tomlini'' Gatliff & Gabriel, 1921: synonym of '' Tricolia tomlini'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1921) * ''Phasianella tritonis'' Chemnitz, 1788: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Phasianella turgida'' Philippi, 1853 : synonym of '' Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella undatella'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

'' (Menke, 1830) * ''Phasianella variabilis'' Pease, 1888: synonym of '' Hiloa variabilis'' (Pease, 1861) (unaccepted combination) * ''Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778) (invalid: junior homonym of ''P. variegata'' de Roissy, 1805) * ''Phasianella velaini'' Lamy, 1931: synonym of '' Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Phasianella umbilicatum'' auct. non d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Phasianella varia'' Lamarck, 1822: : synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella venosa'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella ventricosa''Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella venusta'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Phasianella australis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Phasianella vincta'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella viridis'' Anton: synonym of '' Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella zebra'' Gray in Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Phasianella ventricosa''Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella zigzag'' Odhner, 1919: : synonym of '' Phasianella solida'' (Born, 1778)

References

* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.

External links

Uniprot taxonomy

WoRMS
{{Authority control Phasianellidae Extant Miocene first appearances Gastropod genera Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck