Phaius Labiatus

''Phaius'', commonly known as swamp orchids or in Chinese as 鶴頂蘭屬/鹤顶兰属 (he ding lan shu), is a genus of forty-five species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. They are evergreen, Terrestrial plant, terrestrial Herbaceous plant, herbs which form clumps with crowded, sometimes stem-like pseudobulbs, large, wikt:pleat, pleated leaves and relatively large, often colourful flowers. Species in this genus are found in the Tropics, tropical parts of Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and various islands of the Pacific Islands, Pacific and Indian Oceans. One species is also naturalized in Hawaii, Florida, and the Caribbean.Biota of North America Program, county distribution map
/ref>

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Phaius'' are evergreen, terrestrial, sympodial herbs with thin underground rhizomes and crowded above ground, sometimes stem-like pseudobulbs. There are several pleated, stalked leaves emerging from the pseudobulb. The flower stalk is unbranched and bears a few to many moderately large, Resupination, resupinate, often colourful flowers. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape and the Labellum (botany), labellum has three lobes and a shallow pouch near its base.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Phaius'' was first formally described in 1790 by João de Loureiro and the description was published in his book ''Flora Cochinchinensis''. The Botanical nomenclature, specific epithet (''Phaius'') is derived from the Ancient Greek word ''phaios'' meaning "dusky" or "brown", referring to the brownish colour of the flowers of many species in this genus.

List of species

The following is a list of ''Phaius'' species recognised by Plants of the World Online as of September 2023:

*''Phaius amboinensis'' Carl Ludwig Blume, Blume (1856)
*''Phaius baconii'' Jeffrey James Wood, J.J.Wood & Phyau Soon Shim, Shim (1994)
*''Phaius borneensis'' J.J.Sm. (1903)
*''Phaius callosus'' (Blume) Lindl. (1831)
*''Phaius columnaris'' Chen(Zhen) Zi Tang, C.Z.Tang & Sen Jen Chen, S.J.Chen (1985)
*''Phaius cooperi'' Robert Allen Rolfe, Rolfe (1858)
*''Phaius corymbioides'' Schltr. (1911)
*''Phaius daenikeri'' Kraenzl. (1929)
*''Phaius ecalcaratus'' J.J.Sm., (1911)
*''Phaius flavus'' (Blume) Lindl., (1831)
*''Phaius grandiflorus'' (Nadeaud) Rafaël Govaerts, Govaerts (2011)
*''Phaius gratus'' Blume (1856)
*''Phaius hainanensis'' C.Z.Tang & S.J.Chen (1982)
*''Phaius hekouensis'' Hirokazu Tsukaya, Tsukaya, M.Nakaj. & Su Kung Wu, S.K.Wu (2010)
*''Phaius indigofer'' Hassk. (1842)
*''Phaius indochinensis'' Seidenf. & Paul Abel Ormerod, Ormerod (1995)
*''Phaius labiatus'' J.J.Sm. (1920)
*''Phaius landyae'' Phillip James Cribb, P.J.Cribb & Judi V. Stone, J.V.Stone (2017)
*''Phaius leonidii'' P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone (2017)
*''Phaius longicornu'' André Guillaumin, Guillaumin (1957)
*''Phaius luridus'' George Henry Kendrick Thwaites, Thwaites (1861)
*''Phaius lyonii'' Oakes Ames (botanist), Ames (1915)
*''Phaius mannii'' Rchb.f. (1881)
*''Phaius mishmensis'' (Lindl. & Joseph Paxton, Paxton) Rchb.f. (1857)
*''Phaius montanus'' Schltr. (1912)
*''Phaius nanus'' Hook.f. (1890)
*''Phaius occidentalis'' Schltr. (1903)
*''Phaius pauciflorus'' (Blume) Blume (1856)
**''Phaius pauciflorus var. pallidus'' (Ridl.) Holttum (1947)
**''Phaius pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus''
**''Phaius pauciflorus var. punctatus'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. (1920)
**''Phaius pauciflorus subsp. sabahensis'' J.J.Wood & Anthony Lamb (botanist), A.L.Lamb (1993)
**''Phaius pauciflorus var. sumatranus'' J.J.Sm. (1920)
*''Phaius philippinensis'' N.E.Br. (1889)
*''Phaius pictus'' T.E.Hunt (1952) (accepted by Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria)
*''Phaius pulchellus'' Kraenzl. (1882)
**''Phaius pulchellus var. ambrensis'' Jean Marie Bosser, Bosser (1971)
**''Phaius pulchellus var. andrambovatensis'' Bosser (1971)
**''Phaius pulchellus var. pulchellus''
**''Phaius pulchellus var. sandrangatensis'' Bosser (1971)
*''Phaius reflexipetalus'' J.J.Wood & Shim (1994)
*''Phaius robertsii'' F.Muell. (1883)
*''Phaius stenocentron'' Schltr. (1911)
*''Phaius subtrilobus'' Ames & C.Schweinf. (1920)
*''Phaius takeoi'' (Bunzō Hayata, Hayata) Horng Jye Su, H.J.Su (1989)
*''Phaius tankervilleae '' (Joseph Banks, Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume (1856)
**''Phaius tankervilleae'' var. ''antoninae'' (Peter Balzer, P.Balzer) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
**Phaius tankervilleae var. australis, ''Phaius tankervilleae'' var. ''australis'' (F.Muell.) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
**''Phaius tankervilleae'' var. ''baolocensis'' (Nong Van Duy, Duy, Tao Chen (botanist), Tao Chen & Dian Xiang Zhang, D.X.Zhang) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
**Phaius tankervilleae var. bernaysii, ''Phaius tankervilleae'' var. ''bernaysii'' (F.Muell. ex Rchb.f.) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
**''Phaius tankervilleae'' var. ''devogelii'' J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
**''Phaius tankervilleae'' var. ''tankervilleae''
*''Phaius tenuis'' Rchb.f. (1857)
*''Phaius tetragonus'' (Thouars) Rchb.f. (1855)
*''Phaius tonkinensis'' (Aver.) (2005)
*''Phaius trichoneurus'' Schltr. (1925)
*''Phaius wallichii'' Lindl. (1831)
*''Phaius wenshanensis'' Fang Yuan Liu, F.Y.Liu (1991)

Distribution

Orchids in the genus ''Phaius'' are found in Tropics, tropical Africa, India, tropical and Subtropics, subtropical China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Polynesia and Australia. Nine species, four of which are Endemism, endemic, occur in China and three species including two endemics are found in Australia. The Australian species are found in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New South Wales.

References

External links

*
*

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2719951

Phaius,
Collabieae genera