Phaeolepiota Aurea
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''Phaeolepiota'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of fungi in the family Squamanitaceae. The genus is
monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
, containing the single species ''Phaeolepiota aurea''. Commonly known as Alaskan gold,Arora, David (February 1, 1991). ''All that the Rain Promises and More: A Hip Pocket Guide to Western Mushrooms''. p. 139. . Alaska gold,Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (September 1, 2024). ''Mushrooms of Cascadia: A Comprehensive Guide to Fungi of the Pacific Northwest''. Humboldt County, CA: Backcountry Press. p. 62. . golden bootleg or golden cap, ''P. aurea'' is an
agaric An agaric () is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool) ...
(gilled mushroom) found throughout North America and Eurasia – often in groups and next to nettles.


Taxonomy

Recent
molecular phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
research shows that ''Phaeolepiota'' is closely related to and may need to be merged into the genus ''
Cystoderma ''Cystoderma'' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae or Cystodermataceae. Its family position is in doubt and the family "Cystodermataceae" and tribe "Cystodermateae" have been proposed to include this group following recent molecular w ...
''.


Description

The mushroom is large and golden, and its stem has a skirt-like
ring (The) Ring(s) may refer to: * Ring (jewellery), a round band, usually made of metal, worn as ornamental jewelry * To make a sound with a bell, and the sound made by a bell Arts, entertainment, and media Film and TV * ''The Ring'' (franchise), a ...
. The cap is up to wide and the stem up to 20 cm long. It has a mild smell. The spores are brown, producing a tannish
spore print 300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing warm orange ("tussock") color spore print. ...
.


Similar species

It can resemble '' Cystoderma fallax'', '' C. granosum'', ''
Gymnopilus spectabilis ''Gymnopilus junonius'' is a type of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Commonly known as the spectacular rustgill, this large orange mushroom is typically found growing on tree stumps, logs, or tree bases. It is found in Eu ...
'', and ''
Agrocybe praecox ''Agrocybe praecox'', commonly known as the spring agrocybe, early agrocybe, or spring fieldcap, is a species of fungus. According to modern analysis, it is one of a cluster of closely similar species, known as the ''A. praecox'' complex. ...
''.


Distribution and habitat

It is found throughout North America and Eurasia – often in groups and next to nettles.


Edibility

The fruit bodies have been considered
edible An edible item is any item that is safe for humans to eat. "Edible" is differentiated from " eatable" because it does not indicate how an item tastes, only whether it is fit to be eaten. Nonpoisonous items found in nature – such as some mushroo ...
and are collected for food in Russia and China. It is not, however, recommended for consumption as it is known to cause
gastrointestinal upset Gastrointestinal diseases (abbrev. GI diseases or GI illnesses) refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum; and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, ...
. Studies have shown that this fungus contains untolerable amounts of both
cadmium Cadmium is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, silvery-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12 element, group 12, zinc and mercury (element), mercury. Like z ...
and
cyanide In chemistry, cyanide () is an inorganic chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Ionic cyanides contain the cyanide anion . This a ...
compounds. Cooking reduces the concentration of the cyanide compounds present, which may be the reason why it has been consumed in some countries.Phaeolepiota aurea
''mushroomthejournal.com''


References


External links

* {{taxonbar , from=Q370221 Monotypic Basidiomycota genera Fungi of North America Fungi of Europe Fungi of Asia