Peter Frederik Steinmann

Peter Frederik Steinmann (8 July 1812 – 16 February 1894) was a Danish officer and Minister of War who served in the First and Second Schleswig Wars.

Early years and education

Steinmann was a son of Lieutenant General and was born in Copenhagen on 8 July 1812. He entered military service in 1823 and in 1826, as an artillery cadet and in 1830, a second lieutenant in the artillery with the age order from 1826. He came immediately after entering as a student at the recently established Royal Danish Defence College,PF Steinmann (the younger)
/ref> from which he resigned 4 years later as First Lieutenant and Deputy in the General Staff, but did not come into service with it until after going through the schools of the infantry and cavalry. In 1839 he became adjutant at the staff, and the following year he made a business trip to most European states, after which in 1841 he gained the captaincy of seniority. On 11 August the same year, he married Anna Johanne Elisabeth Countess Schulin (30 October 1813 in Frederiksdal - 10 September 1847 in Copenhagen), daughter of Chamberlain, County Governor , after he had previously accompanied Adjutant General Carl Ewald on a bathing trip to the south of France, which he also did in 1842. In the same year he was appointed captain of the General Staff, and since he had considerable worldly experience in addition to considerable skill, he was sent to Lüneburg in 1843 to take part in the preparations for the 10th German Federal Corps' camp assembly, and was later sent to various other troop assemblies in Germany. In 1843 he also became a Knight of Dannebrog.

First Schleswig War

Because of poor health, he had in 1846 through a Badekur in Ems, and when his wife died the following year on 10 September and this event took so much on his mental health, his subsequent winter traveled to Italy. There he was informed of the outbreak of the revolt, for which reason he immediately went home; but he did not receive any active command, as he was employed as chief of staff at the general command on Funen. In May, however, he succeeded in becoming chief of staff of the right flank corps, being promoted to major, but after General Frederik Bülow had taken command of the corps, he had to return to his former position, where he was appointed chamberlain. Thus he did not come into the fire until the following year; he then became Chief of Staff to General Olaf Rye and took part in the battles at Kolding, Almind - Dons, Vejle and Aarhus, which during the whole retreat in Jutland he made so much profit that in June he was given the rank of lieutenant colonel. He did not follow his general to Fredericia, but remained as chief of staff to General C.L.H. Flindt, who took command of the troops at Helgenæs, and when this corps disbanded in September, he returned to the general command on Funen.

In the following war year, Steinmann was employed as chief of staff by General C.F. Moltke at the 1st Division, which with honor participated in the battle of Helligbæk and in the battle of Isted, after which he was appointed lieutenant colonel. After the conclusion of the peace, Steinmann became chief of staff at the General Command in Schleswig, which difficult position he held until a short interruption from 1853 until 1854 until the autumn of 1862. At that time he advanced both to colonel in 1854 and to major general in 1862.PF Steinmann , lex.dk - The Great Dane
/ref> He later became Commander of Dannebrog 1857 and participated in several troop gatherings, just as he also in 1858 attended the exercises of the 10th Federal Corps.

Second Schleswig War

In the spring of 1863 he was assigned to the 3rd Infantry Brigade, with which he participated in the troop assembly at Schleswig the same autumn, but already on 22 October he took over the command of the 3rd General Command District after Lieutenant General Georg Schøller's death and then became 1st Division Commander on November 1 with staff quarters in Kiel. There he was given a difficult task, as the division was partly to ensure the Army's possible advance in the Danewerk position, and partly to keep the population in check, all the while threatening a federal execution. Only 3 days before the German troops moved into Holstein on 23 December, he was given the necessary instructions for his relationship, stating that he should eventually evacuate the duchy, which was also completed on 29 December.

From the beginning of January, the 3rd Division occupied the Dannevirke position from Slien to fortification no. 13, whose corps position at Selk and Jagel was attacked by the Austrians on 3 February, while it was handed over to the division, as the evacuation was to be launched 2 days later to form the army's rear guard. Steinmann performed this duty with tirelessness and zeal, and he watched with great care the Battle of Sankelmark, where he was wounded in the leg by a piece of grenade. Without being noticed, however, he sat on horseback, and only after the fight was over did he ride back to Flensburg, where he had to be lifted off the saddle and then sent to the Garrison Hospital in Copenhagen. Even before the wound was healed, he enlisted in the field army on 12 April and was then given command of the 1st Division, which the next day moved into the Dybbøl position, but had returned to Als when the attack took place on 18 April. The other day Steinmann was active in the bridgehead and at Sønderborg

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