''Perrona'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiated morphologically. Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic an ...

Description

In this genus the

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is carinated or smooth. The

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). In nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagram ...

are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the suture. The smooth shell is fusiform. The spire is short with few whorls. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is narrow. The

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...

is long. The outer

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

shows a wide shallow sinus near the middle. The inner lip has a thick callosity at the hind part near the suture. The species of ''Perrona'' are smooth and solid shells with a notch in the middle of the outer lip. The hind part of the

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...

is gibbous, and the

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

, as in that genus, is callous posteriorly.

Species

Species within the genus ''Perrona'' include: * ''

Perrona aculeiformis ''Perrona aculeiformis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 31 mm and 54 mm. The shell is elongated and the mineralized shell is ...

'' (Lamarck, 1816) * † '' Perrona anwari'' Abbass H., 1977 * † ''

Perrona barbarae ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † '' Perrona czarnockii'' Bałuk, 2003 * † '' Perrona descendens'' (Hilber, 1879) * † '' Perrona eleonorae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † ''

Perrona emmae ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † ''

Perrona ernae ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' (Šuklje, 1929) * † ''

Perrona estebbunensis ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' Vera-Peláez & Lozano-Francisco, 2001 * † ''

Perrona floriana ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' (Hilber, 1879) * † ''

Perrona grossi ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' Harzhauser, Landau & R. Janssen, 2022 * † ''

Perrona heinmoorensis ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' Kautsky, 1925 * † ''

Perrona herculea ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' (Mayer-Eymar, 1886) † * † ''

Perrona ilonae ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' Harzhauser, Landau & R. Janssen, 2022 * ''

Perrona jessica ''Perrona jessica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. Description The length of the shell attains 28 mm, its diameter 9 mm. (Original description) The shell is acuminately fusiform, shi ...

'' Melvill, 1923 (taxon inquirendum) * † ''

Perrona koeberli ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the s ...

'' Harzhauser, Landau & R. Janssen, 2022 * † ''

Perrona loetschi ''Perrona'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus the Spire (mollusc), spire is carinated or smooth. The Whorl (mollusc), whorls are not tubercular or spinose. ...

'' Harzhauser, Landau & R. Janssen, 2022 * † '' Perrona louisae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † '' Perrona lydiae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * '' Perrona micro'' Rolan, Ryall & Horro, 2008 * † '' Perrona munizsolisi'' Vera-Peláez & Lozano-Francisco, 2001 * † '' Perrona nudata'' (K. Martin, 1935) * † '' Perrona obeliscoides'' (Millet, 1854) * ''

Perrona obesa ''Perrona obesa'', common name the obese turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Clavatulidae. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 35 mm and 55 mm. The Whorl (mol ...

'' (Reeve, 1842) * † '' Perrona oliviae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * '' Perrona perron'' (Gmelin, 1791) * † '' Perrona pretiosa'' (Bellardi, 1847) * '' Perrona quinteni'' (Nolf & Verstraeten, 2006) * † '' Perrona robustocarinifera'' Landau, Harzhauser, İslamoğlu & Silva, 2013 * † '' Perrona rosaliae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † '' Perrona sabinae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † '' Perrona secunda'' Lozouet, 2017 * † '' Perrona servata'' (Sacco, 1890) * '' Perrona spirata'' (Lamarck, 1816) * † '' Perrona styriaca'' (Hilber, 1879) * '' Perrona subspirata'' (Martens, 1902) * † '' Perrona unisulcata'' (Cossmann, 1900) † * † '' Perrona ursulae'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) * † '' Perrona villarrasensis'' Vera-Peláez & Lozano-Francisco, 2001 * † '' Perrona vindobonensis'' (Quenstedt, 1884) * † '' Perrona wanzenboecki'' Harzhauser, Landau & R. Janssen, 2022 ;Species brought into synonymy: * † ''Perrona harzhauseri'' Kovács & Vicián, 2021: synonym of † '' Neoperrona harzhauseri'' (Z. Kovács & Vicián, 2021) * † ''Perrona inedita'' (Bellardi, 1877): synonym of † ''

Clavatula inedita ''Clavatula'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus, the shell is fusiform, with a well-produced spire. The whorls are coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture;. T ...

'' Bellardi, 1877 * † ''Perrona letkesensis'' (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1953): synonym of † ''

'' (R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) (junior subjective synonym) * ''Perrona lineata'' (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of '' Tomellana lineata'' (Lamarck, 1818) * † ''Perrona nemethi'' Kovács & Vicián, 2021: synonym of † '' Megaclavatula nemethi'' (Z. Kovács & Vicián, 2021) * † ''Perrona semimarginata'' (Lamarck, 1822) (fossils from deposits in the

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

, Burdigalian, Graves near Bordeaux, France):M. Glibert (1954), Pleurotomes du Miocène; Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique; Mémoires N" 129 synonym of † ''

Tomellana semimarginata ''Tomellana semimarginata'' is an extinct species of sea snails, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Clavatulidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Tomellana semimarginata (Lamarck, 1822) †. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * † ''Perrona taurinensis'' (Bellardi, 1877): synonym of † '' Neoperrona taurinensis'' (Bellardi, 1877) * ''Perrona tritonum'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''Perrona perron'' (Gmelin, 1791) Perrona secunda 001

References

External links

Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenghagen. iv + 288 pp., 22 pls

Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77(3): 273-308
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2711301 Gastropod genera