''Peronospora farinosa'' is a species name that has been widely applied to

downy mildew Downy mildew refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to the Peronosporaceae family. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of c ...

on leaves of wild and cultivated ''Amaranthaceae'': ''Amaranthus'', ''Atriplex'', ''Bassia'', ''Beta'', ''Chenopodium'', ''Halimione'', ''Salsola'', ''Spinacia'', etc. However, the species name has been taxonomically rejected
see report 20 from the Nomenclature Committee for fungi)
as the original description contained reference to multiple species and could not unequivocally be attributed to a species of Peronospora. In the past, some of the species on important crop plants have been given names as ''formae speciales'', notably '' f.sp. betae'' on sugar

beet The beetroot (British English) or beet (North American English) is the taproot portion of a '' Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris'' plant in the Conditiva Group. The plant is a root vegetable also known as the table beet, garden beet, dinner ...

(= ''P. schachtii'') and f.sp. ''spinaciae'' on

spinach Spinach (''Spinacia oleracea'') is a leafy green flowering plant native to Central Asia, Central and Western Asia. It is of the order Caryophyllales, family Amaranthaceae, subfamily Chenopodioideae. Its leaves are a common vegetable consumed eit ...

(= ''P. effusa''). However, phylogentic reconstructions have revealed that these "forms" of ''Peronospora'' on different genera and their subdivisions, are distinct species, most of which already have previously published scientific names (see ''Index Fungorum''). Such host specialization possibly also exists with respect to the various wild amaranthaceous species given as hosts of ''P. farinosa''. Downy mildew is a moderately important disease of

sugar beet A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and that is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (''Beta vulgaris''). Together with ...

(''Beta vulgaris''). The pathogen persists as oospores in the soil, or on beet seed crops, or on overwintered volunteer beet plants. Attacks are most important at the seedling stage. The cotyledons are systemically infected, becoming discoloured and distorted. Loss of seedlings causes uneven crop development. Beet leaves are less affected, so a crop can to a substantial effect recover from an attack on seedlings. Control relies on adequate

crop rotation Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. This practice reduces the reliance of crops on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, along with the pro ...

and avoidance of sources of infection (e.g. adequate control of the disease on beet seed crops), as oospores survive only 2–3 years in the soil. Individual infected plants may also be removed. It is not generally necessary to apply fungicides. Downy mildew has more direct importance on

(''Spinacia oleracea''), since it affects the harvested part (leaves). Yellow lesions appear on the older leaves. If rotating crops and removing individual infected plants fails, fungicide treatments are effective, and resistant cultivars are available.

References

Further reading