Permopsocida

Permopsocida is an extinct order of insects known from the Carboniferous ( Moscovian) to the Mid-Cretaceous. It is part of Paraneoptera, alongside bark lice (including lice), bugs and thrips. Within Paraneoptera it is considered to be closer to the clade containing bugs and thrips rather than bark lice, with an estimated divergence during the Late Carboniferous. The group was first named as a suborder by Robert John Tillyard in 1926, and was raised to a full order by Huang et al. in 2016. It is currently divided up into three families, Psocidiidae which is known from the Late Carboniferous to Liassic. Permopsocidae which is only known from the Permian, and Archipsyllidae, which is known from the Late Triassic to mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian). While most members of the group are known from compression fossils, several members of Archipsyllidae are 3 dimensionally preserved in Burmese amber, which has helped clarify the morphology and phylogenetic position of the group. The morphology of the mouthparts suggests that they were capable of suction feeding and chewing, with preserved angiosperm pollen grains in the gut of '' Psocorrhyncha'' suggesting that at least some members of the group were pollenivorous.

Taxonomy

From Huang et al 2016 and subsequent literature

* †Psocidiidae Tillyard, 1926
** †'' Carbonopsocus'' Prokop et al., 2024 Osnabrück Formation, Germany, Carboniferous (Moscovian)
** †'' Dichentomum'' Tillyard, 1926 Bursum Formation, New Mexico, Early Permian (Asselian) Wellington Formation, Kansas, Oklahoma, Early Permian (Artinskian) Koshelevka Formation, Russia, Early Permian (Kungurian),
** †'' Hypopsylla'' Prokop, Garrouste & Nel, 2016 Croudace Bay Formation, Australia, Late Permian (Changhsingian)
** †'' Liassopsocus'' Ansorge, 1996 " Green Series", Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
** †'' Austropsocidium'' Tillyard 1935 Croudace Bay Formation, Australia, Changhsingian
** †'' Stenopsocidium'' Tillyard 1935 Croudace Bay Formation, Australia, Changhsingian
* †Permopsocidae Tillyard, 1926
** †'' Permopsocus'' Tillyard, 1926 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
** †'' Lithopsocidium'' Carpenter 1932 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
** †'' Orthopsocus'' Carpenter 1932 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
** †'' Progonopsocus'' Tillyard 1926 Wellington Formation, Kansas, Artinskian
* †Archipsyllidae Handlirsch, 1906
** †'' Eopsylla'' Vishnyakova 1976 Iva-Gora Beds Formation, Russia, Middle Permian (Roadian)
** †'' Archipsylla'' Handlirsch, 1908 "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
** †'' Archipsyllodes'' Vishniakova, 1976 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** †'' Archipsyllopsis'' Vishniakova, 1976 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
** †'' Bittacopsocus'' Beutel et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid Cretaceous (latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian)
** †'' Burmopsylla'' Liang, Zhang & Liu, 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar
** †'' Dinmopsylla'' Lambkin, 2018 Blackstone Formation, Australia, Late Triassic (Norian)
** †'' Mydiognathus'' Yoshizawa & Lienhard, 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar
** †'' Psocorrhyncha'' Huang et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q27096119

Extinct insect orders
Paraneoptera