Perleidiformes are an

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

of prehistoric

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

from the

Triassic The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...

period Although numerous Triassic

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

have been referred to Perleidiformes, which ones should be included for it to form a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

group is a matter of ongoing scientific debate. Chaohuperleidus

Classification

*Genus † '' Saurichthyes'' ** Family † Cleithrolepididae Wade 1935 corrig. leithrolepidae Wade 1935; Hydropessidae Hutchinson 1973*** Genus †'' Hydropessum'' Broom 1909 *** Genus †'' Cleithrolepidina'' Berg 1955 *** Genus †'' Cleithrolepis'' Egerton 1864 *** Genus †'' Dipteronotus'' Egerton 1864 ** Suborder †Cephaloxenoidei Lehman 1966 *** Family † Cephaloxenidae Brough 1939 **** Genus †''

Cephaloxenus ''Cephaloxenus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the early Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. It contains two species: * †''C. macropterus'' Brough, 1939 - Ladinian of Italy and Switzerla ...

'' Brough 1939 ** Suborder †Perleidoidei *** Family † Platysiagidae Brough 1939 sensu Neuman & Mutter 2005 **** Genus †'' Caelatichthys'' Lombardo 2002 **** Genus †'' Helmolepis'' Stensiö 1932 **** Genus †'' Platysiagum'' Egerton 1872 *** Family † Polzbergiidae Griffin 1977 **** Genus †'' Luopingichthys'' Sun et al. 2009 **** Genus †'' Serrolepis'' Quenstedt 1852 ex Dames 1888 **** Genus †'' Ctenognathichthys'' Burgin 1992 **** Genus †'' Stoppania'' Lombardo, Rusconi & Tintori 2008 **** Genus †'' Polzbergia'' Griffith 1977 **** Genus †'' Felberia'' Lombardo & Tintori 2004 *** Family † Gabanellidae Tintori & Lombardo 1996 **** Genus †'' Gabanellia'' Tintori & Lombardo 1996 *** Family † Aetheodontidae Brough 1939 **** Genus †'' Aetheodontus'' Brough 1939 *** Family † Colobodontidae Andersson 1916 sterodontidae Jordan 1923**** Genus †'' Albertonia'' Gardiner 1966 **** Genus †'' Boreichthys'' Selezneva 1982 **** Genus †'' Cenchrodus'' von Meyer 1847 **** Genus †'' Chrotichthys'' Wade 1940 **** Genus †'' Crenilepis'' Dames 1888 Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929">Crenolepis.html" ;"title="'Crenolepis">Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929**** Genus †''Dollopterus">Crenolepis">Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929">Crenolepis.html" ;"title="'Crenolepis">Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929**** Genus †''Dollopterus'' Abel 1906 [''Dolichopterus'' Compter 1891 non Hall 1859 non Murray 1870] **** Genus †''Engycolobodus'' Oertle 1927 **** Genus †''Hemilopas'' von Meyer 1847 **** Genus †'' Manlietta'' Wade 1935 **** Genus †'' Meidiichthys'' Borough 1931 **** Genus †'' Meridensia'' Stensiö 1916 **** Genus †'' Nephrotus'' Meyer 1849 'Omphalodus'' Meyer 1847; ''Eupleurodus">Omphalodus.html" ;"title="'Omphalodus">'Omphalodus'' Meyer 1847; ''Eupleurodus'' Gürich, 1884] **** Genus †''Pristisomus'' Woodward 1890 **** Genus †'' Procheirichthys'' Wade 1935 **** Genus †'' Zeuchthiscus'' Wade 1940 **** Genus †'' Colobodus'' Agassiz 1844 Asterodon'' Münster, 1841">Asterodon_(fish).html" ;"title="'Asterodon (fish)">Asterodon'' Münster, 1841 *** Family †Pseudobeaconiidae López-Arbarello & Zavattieri 2008 **** Genus †''Caminchaia'' Rusconi 1946a **** Genus †''Echentaia'' Rusconi 1946 **** Genus †''Pasambaya'' Rusconi 1946a **** Genus †'' Anatoia'' Rusconi 1946a **** Genus †'' Pseudobeaconia'' Bordas 1944 *** Family † Perleididae Brough 1931 uyuanperleididae Sun et al. 2012**** Genus †'' Altisolepis'' Mutter & Herzog 2004 **** Genus †'' Alvinia'' Sytchevskaya 1999 non Monterosato 1884 **** Genus †'' Chaohuperleidus'' Sun et al., 2013 **** Genus †'' Daninia'' Lombardo 2001 **** Genus †'' Diandongperleidus'' Geng et al. 2012 **** Genus †'' Endennia'' Lombardo & Brambillasca 2005 **** Genus †'' Fuyuanperleidus'' Geng et al. 2012 **** Genus †'' Luopingperleidus'' Geng et al. 2012 **** Genus †'' Megaperleidus'' Sytchevskaya 1999 **** Genus †'' Mendocinichthys'' Whitley 1953 'Mendocinia'' Bordas 1944 non Jensen-Haarup 1920">Mendocinia.html" ;"title="'Mendocinia">'Mendocinia'' Bordas 1944 non Jensen-Haarup 1920**** Genus †''Paraperleidus'' Zhao & Liu 2007 **** Genus †'' Peltoperleidus'' Bürgin et al. 1991 **** Genus †'' Plesioperleidus'' Su & Li 1983 sensu Tong et al. 2006 ['' Zhangina'' Liu 2002] **** Genus †'' Perleidus'' De Alessandri 1910 sensu Lombardo et al. 2011

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-251 till:-190 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-251 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-251 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:triassic value:rgb(0.51,0.17,0.57) id:earlytriassic value:rgb(0.6,0.22,0.61) id:middletriassic value:rgb(0.73,0.53,0.71) id:latetriassic value:rgb(0.78,0.65,0.8) id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:earlyjurassic value:rgb(0,0.69,0.89) id:middlejurassic value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91) id:latejurassic value:rgb(0.74,0.89,0.97) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:NAM23 bar:NAM24 bar:NAM25 bar:NAM26 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -251 till: -249.7 color:earlytriassic text: Ind. from: -249.7 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:

Olenekian In the geologic timescale, the Olenekian is an age (geology), age in the Early Triassic epoch (geology), epoch; in chronostratigraphy, it is a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Lower Triassic series (stratigraphy), series. It spans the time betw ...

from: -245 till: -237 color:middletriassic text:

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage (stratigraphy), stage or earliest geologic age, age of the Middle Triassic series (stratigraphy), series or geologic epoch, epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ag ...

from: -237 till: -228 color:middletriassic text: Ladinian from: -228 till: -216.5 color:latetriassic text:

Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 ...

from: -216.5 till: -203.6 color:latetriassic text:

Norian The Norian is a division of the Triassic geological period, Period. It has the rank of an age (geology), age (geochronology) or stage (stratigraphy), stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227.3 to Mya (unit), million years ago. It was prec ...

from: -203.6 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age (geology), age of the Triassic period (geology), Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Triassic system (stratigraphy), System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the N ...

bar:eratop from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:

Early Triassic The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between 251.9 Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which ...

from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epoch (geology), epochs of the Triassic period (geology), period or the middle of three series (stratigraphy), series in which the Triassic system (stratigraphy), system is di ...

from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch a ...

PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:earlytriassic bar:NAM1 from: -251 till: -249.7 text: Chrotichthys color:earlytriassic bar:NAM2 from: -251 till: -245 text: Zeuchthiscus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM3 from: -251 till: -245 text: Tripelta color:earlytriassic bar:NAM4 from: -251 till: -245 text: Plesioperleidus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM5 from: -251 till: -245 text: Meidiichthys color:earlytriassic bar:NAM6 from: -251 till: -245 text: Hydropessum color:earlytriassic bar:NAM7 from: -251 till: -245 text: Helmolepis color:earlytriassic bar:NAM8 from: -251 till: -245 text: Boreichthys color:earlytriassic bar:NAM9 from: -250.13 till: -239.67 text: Saurichthyes color:earlytriassic bar:NAM10 from: -249.7 till: -216.5 text: Perleidus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM11 from: -249.7 till: -216.5 text: Dipteronotus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM12 from: -249.7 till: -203.6 text: Thoracopterus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM13 from: -249.7 till: -199.6 text: Colobodus color:middletriassic bar:NAM14 from: -245 till: -237 text: Dollopterus color:middletriassic bar:NAM15 from: -245 till: -237 text: Crenolepis color:middletriassic bar:NAM16 from: -245 till: -237 text: Cleithrolepis color:middletriassic bar:NAM17 from: -245 till: -234 text: Meridensia color:middletriassic bar:NAM18 from: -245 till: -228 text: Procheirichthys color:middletriassic bar:NAM19 from: -237 till: -234 text: Peltoperleidus color:middletriassic bar:NAM20 from: -237 till: -234 text: Luganoia color:middletriassic bar:NAM21 from: -237 till: -234 text: Ctenognathichthys color:middletriassic bar:NAM22 from: -237 till: -234 text: Besania color:middletriassic bar:NAM23 from: -237 till: -234 text: Aetheodontus color:middletriassic bar:NAM24 from: -237 till: -228 text: Manlietta color:middletriassic bar:NAM25 from: -228.7 till: -216.5 text: Gigantopterus color:latetriassic bar:NAM26 from: -212.2 till: -207.9 text: Gabanellia PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -251 till: -249.7 color:earlytriassic text: Ind. from: -249.7 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:

from: -245 till: -237 color:middletriassic text:

from: -237 till: -228 color:middletriassic text: Ladinian from: -228 till: -216.5 color:latetriassic text:

from: -216.5 till: -203.6 color:latetriassic text:

from: -203.6 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

bar:era from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:

from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1659888 Prehistoric neopterygii Triassic bony fish Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders