''Peristylus'', sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s from the orchid family,

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of

eastern Eastern or Easterns may refer to: Transportation Airlines *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai * Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 192 ...

and southern

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

as well as in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

and on many islands of the

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Associated with India * of or related to India ** Indian people ** Indian diaspora ** Languages of India ** Indian English, a dialect of the English language ** Indian cuisine Associated with indigenous peoples o ...

and

Pacific Oceans The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Peristylis'' are

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

sympodial In botany, sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, als ...

herbs Herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnish (food), garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances. Culinary use typi ...

with paired fleshy

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure that plants use as storage organs for nutrients, derived from stems or roots. Tubers help plants perennate (survive winter or dry months), provide energy and nutrients, and are a means of asexual reproduc ...

s and thread-like, unbranched roots. The stems are upright and unbranched. The leaves are arranged in a

rosette Rosette is the French diminutive of ''rose''. It may refer to: Flower shaped designs * Rosette (award), a mark awarded by an organisation * Rosette (design), a small flower design *hence, various flower-shaped or rotational symmetric forms: ** R ...

at the base of the plants or near the centre of the stem. The flowers are resupinate, usually small, often crowded, white, green or yellowish and usually only last a few days. The

dorsal Dorsal (from Latin ''dorsum'' ‘back’) may refer to: * Dorsal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location referring to the back or upper side of an organism or parts of an organism * Dorsal, positioned on top of an aircraft's fuselage The fus ...

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...

and

petal Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corol ...

s overlap to form a hood over the

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member ...

. The labellum has a spur and usually three lobes which may be short or long and threadlike. The distinguishing feature of the genus is the presence of two club-shaped projections on the stigma. In many respects, plants in this genus are similar to those in ''

Habenaria ''Habenaria'', commonly called rein orchids or bog orchids, is a widely distributed genus of orchids in the tribe Orchideae. About 880 species of ''Habenaria'' have been formally described. They are native to every continent except Antarctica, g ...

'', only differing in the structure of the

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Peristylus'' was first formally described in 1825 by

Carl Ludwig Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796 – 3 February 1862) was a German-Dutch botanist and entomologist who spent most of his professional life in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. As deputy director of agricul ...

and the description was published in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië ''. The name ''Peristylus'' is derived from the Greek words ''peri'' meaning 'around', and ''stylos'' 'column', referring to the arms on each side of the column.

Distribution

Orchids in the genus'' Peristylus'' are found in

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

Polynesia Polynesia ( , ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are called Polynesians. They have many things in ...

and

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref>Seidenfaden, G. 1977. ''Peristylus'' Bl. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 31: 27.

Species

, the

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) was an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected p ...

accepted the following species: * '' Peristylus affinis'' (D.Don) Seidenf. – Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China * '' Peristylus aliformis'' (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu – Fiji * '' Peristylus alpinipaludosus'' (P.Royen) Schuit. & de Vogel – W. New Guinea * '' Peristylus aristatus'' Lindl. – Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar * '' Peristylus balaenolabium'' Ormerod – Sumatera * '' Peristylus balakrishnanii'' Karthig., Sumathi & Jayanthi – S. Andaman Islands * '' Peristylus banfieldii'' (F.M.Bailey) Lavarack – N. & N.E. Queensland * '' Peristylus biermannianus'' (King & Pantl.) X.H.Jin – Central & E. Himalaya * '' Peristylus bismarckiensis'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – Papua New Guinea * ''

Peristylus brachyphyllus ''Peristylus'', sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of eastern and southern Asia as well as in Austra ...

'' A.Rich. – S. India * '' Peristylus brassii'' Ormerod – W. New Guinea * '' Peristylus brevicalcar'' Carr – Borneo (Gunung Kinabalu) * '' Peristylus brevilobus'' Thwaites – Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus calcaratus'' (Rolfe) S.Y.Hu – E. Nepal, S. China to Vietnam, Taiwan * '' Peristylus carnosipetalus'' Kurzweil – N. Thailand * '' Peristylus carolinensis'' (Schltr.) Tuyama – Caroline Islands * '' Peristylus chapaensis'' (Gagnep.) Seidenf. – N. Vietnam * '' Peristylus chlorandrellus'' D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Queensland * '' Peristylus ciliatus'' Carr – Borneo (Gunung Kinabalu) * '' Peristylus ciliolatus'' J.J.Sm. – New Guinea * '' Peristylus citrinus'' (Thouars) Lindl. – Mascarenes * '' Peristylus commersonianus'' Lindl. – Réunion * '' Peristylus constrictus'' (Lindl.) Lindl. – Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China * '' Peristylus cryptostylus'' (Rchb.f.) Ormerod – Society Islands * '' Peristylus cubitalis'' (L.) Kraenzl. – India to Myanmar * '' Peristylus cymbochilus'' Renz – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus densus'' (Lindl.) Santapau & Kapadia – Indian Subcontinent to S. China, S. Korea, S. Central & S. Japan to Nansei-shoto * '' Peristylus djampangensis'' J.J.Sm. – Jawa * '' Peristylus elbertii'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus flexuosus'' (Thouars) S.Moore – Mascarenes * '' Peristylus formosanus'' (Schltr.) T.P.Lin – Central Nansei-shoto to Taiwan * '' Peristylus gardneri'' (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. – Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus goodyeroides'' (D.Don) Lindl. – Tropical & Subtrop. Asia * '' Peristylus gracilis'' Blume – Assam to Taiwan (Lan Yü) and Malesia * '' Peristylus grandis'' Blume – Thailand (Ko Tarutao) to New Guinea * '' Peristylus hallieri'' J.J.Sm. – Borneo * '' Peristylus hamiltonianus'' (Lindl.) Lindl. – Central & E. Himalaya to Thailand * '' Peristylus hatusimanus'' T.Hashim. – Japan (Kyushu) * '' Peristylus holochila'' (Hillebr.) N.Hallé – Hawaiian Islands * '' Peristylus holttumianus'' Seidenf. ex Aver. – S. Vietnam * '' Peristylus holttumii'' Seidenf. – S. Indo-China to Peninsula Malaysia * '' Peristylus hylophiloides'' Ormerod – Philippines * '' Peristylus intrudens'' (Ames) Ormerod – Central Nepal, Indo-China, China (Hong Kong), C. Taiwan, Philippines (Luzon) * '' Peristylus iyoensis'' Ohwi – E. Nepal, N. Thailand, S. Korea, S. Central & S. Japan, Central & S. Taiwan * '' Peristylus jinchuanicus'' K.Y.Lang – China (W. Sichuan, N.W. Yunnan) * '' Peristylus kerrii'' Seidenf. – N. Thailand * '' Peristylus kinabaluensis'' Carr – Borneo (Gunung Kinabalu) * '' Peristylus korinchensis'' Ridl. – Sumatera * '' Peristylus kumaonensis'' Renz – W. Himalaya * '' Peristylus lacertifer'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. – Central Himalaya to S. Japan and W. Malesia * '' Peristylus lancifolius'' A.Rich. – S. India * '' Peristylus latilobus'' J.J.Sm. – E. Jawa * '' Peristylus lawii'' Wight – Himalaya to India * '' Peristylus listeroides'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus lombokensis'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus macer'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus maculifer'' (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu – Vanuatu, Fiji (Vanua Levu) * '' Peristylus maingayi'' (King & Pantl.) J.J.Wood & Ormerod – S. Indo-China to N. Queensland * '' Peristylus minimiflorus'' (Kraenzl.) N.Hallé – New Caledonia (Î. des Pins), Futuna, Cook Islands * '' Peristylus minimus'' Kurzweil & Tripetch – Thailand * '' Peristylus monticola'' (Ridl.) Seidenf. – Andaman Islands, Malesia to New Guinea * '' Peristylus mucronatus'' J.J.Sm. – Maluku (Seram) * '' Peristylus nanus'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus norumbus'' Ormerod – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus novoebudarum'' F.Muell. – S.W. Pacific * '' Peristylus nymanianus'' Kraenzl. – New Guinea * '' Peristylus ovariophorus'' (Schltr.) Carr – Borneo (Sarawak) * '' Peristylus pachyneuroides'' Renz – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus pachyneurus'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus palawensis'' (Tuyama) Tuyama – Caroline Islands * '' Peristylus parishii'' Rchb.f. – Indian Subcontinent to S. China and Indo-China * '' Peristylus phuwuanensis'' Kurzweil – N.E. Thailand * '' Peristylus plantagineus'' (Lindl.) Lindl. – India, Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus ponerostachys'' (Rchb.f.) Ormerod – Philippines (Leyte, Mindanao) * '' Peristylus prainii'' (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. – Central Himalaya to Indo-China * '' Peristylus pseudophrys'' (King & Pantl.) Kraenzl. – Sikkim (Chungthang) * '' Peristylus reticulatus'' (Ames) Ormerod – Philippines (Luzon: Mt. Pulogloko) * '' Peristylus richardianus'' Wight – E. Nepal, S. India * '' Peristylus rigidus'' Kurzweil – N. Thailand * '' Peristylus rindjaniensis'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus sahanii'' Kumar, G.S.Rawat & Jalal – N.E. India * '' Peristylus secundus'' (Lindl.) Rathakr. – S. India * '' Peristylus setifer'' Tuyama – Caroline Islands * '' Peristylus silvicola'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus societatis'' (Drake) N.Hallé – Society Islands * '' Peristylus spathulatus'' J.J.Sm. – Borneo * '' Peristylus spiralis'' A.Rich. – S.W. India, Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus staminodiatus'' J.J.Sm. – Sulawesi * '' Peristylus stenodon'' (Rchb.f.) Kores – Vanuatu * '' Peristylus stocksii'' (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. – W. India * '' Peristylus subaphyllus'' (Gagnep.) Seidenf. – Cambodia * '' Peristylus tentaculatus'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. – S. China to Hainan * '' Peristylus tenuicallus'' Ormerod – Vietnam * '' Peristylus timorensis'' (Ridl.) J.J.Wood & Ormerod – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus tipulifer'' (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Mukerjee – India (Kerala), Central Himalaya to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China * '' Peristylus tobensis'' J.J.Sm. – N. Sumatera * '' Peristylus tradescantiifolius'' (Rchb.f.) Kores – Maluku to S.W. Pacific * '' Peristylus triaena'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea to Solomon Islands * '' Peristylus tricallosus'' J.J.Sm. – Sulawesi * '' Peristylus trimenii'' (Hook.f.) Abeyw. – Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus umbonatus'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus unguiculatus'' J.J.Sm. – Borneo * '' Peristylus wheatleyi'' P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis – Vanuatu * '' Peristylus whistleri'' P.J.Cribb – Samoa

References

*Berg Pana, H. 2005. ''Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee''. Ulmer, Stuttgart

External links