''Peristernia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the subfamily Peristerniinae of the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Fasciolariidae
Fasciolariidae is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Species in Fasciolariidae are commonly known as tulip snails and spindle snails.
The family Fasciolariidae most likely appeared ...
, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
Description
The shell is subturreted, not umbilicated. The
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
s are longitudinally ribbed. The
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is oval. The
siphonal canal
The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...
is moderate and recurved. The outer
lip
The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...
is thin and crenulated. The
columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...
shows one or two slight plaits anteriorly.
Species
Species within the genus ''Peristernia'' include:
* ''
Peristernia aethiops''
Macpherson, 1959
* † ''
Peristernia allioni''
(Michelotti, 1847)
* ''
Peristernia angulata''
(G.B. Sowerby III, 1888)
* ''
Peristernia australiensis''
(Reeve, 1847)
* ''
Peristernia bicolor''
(Küster & Kobelt, 1874)
* ''
Peristernia boutetorum''
Tröndlé, 2017
* ''
Peristernia canthariformis''
Melvill, 1891
* ''
Peristernia carlajoostae''
Lussi, 2014
* ''
Peristernia carotiana''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1880)
* ''
Peristernia castanoleuca''
Tapparone-Canefri, 1879
* ''
Peristernia chlorostoma''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1825)
* ''
Peristernia clathrata''
(Valenciennes, 1840)
* ''
Peristernia columbarium''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''
Peristernia cremnochione''
Melvill, 1891
* ''
Peristernia crocea''
(Gray, 1839)
* ''
Peristernia decorata''
(Adams, 1855)
* ''
Peristernia despecta''
(Adams, 1855)
* ''
Peristernia forskalii''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1875)
* ''
Peristernia funiculata''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1882)
* ''
Peristernia fuscotincta''
(G.B. Sowerby III, 1886)
* ''
Peristernia gemmata''
(Reeve, 1847)
* ''
Peristernia granulosa''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''
Peristernia hilaris''
Melvill, 1891
* ''
Peristernia igorshlegeli''
Bozzetti, 2020
* ''
Peristernia incerta''
Schepman, 1911
* ''
Peristernia iniuensis''
Melvill, 1891
* ''
Peristernia jeaniae''
(Melvill, 1911)
* ''
Peristernia lirata''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''
Peristernia loebbeckei''
(Küster & Kobelt, 1876)
* ''
Peristernia malvastoma''
Lussi, 2014
* ''
Peristernia marquesana''
(A. Adams, 1855)
* ''
Peristernia melanorhynca''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1882)
* ''
Peristernia moltenii''
Bozzetti, 2014
* ''
Peristernia nassatula''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Peristernia neglecta''
(A. Adams, 1855)
* ''
Peristernia nigritella''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1882)
* ''
Peristernia pulchella''
(Reeve, 1847)
* ''
Peristernia reincarnata''
Snyder, 2000
* ''
Peristernia retiaria''
Melvill, 1891
* ''
Peristernia rollandi''
(Bernardi & Crosse, 1861)
* ''
Peristernia rosea''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Peristernia scabra''
(Souverbie, 1869) (taxon inquirendum)
* ''
Peristernia schepmani''
Dekkers, 2014
* ''
Peristernia smithiana''
Melvill, 1891
* ''
Peristernia squamosa''
(Pease, 1863)
* ''
Peristernia striata''
(Gray, 1839)
* ''
Peristernia sulcata''
(Gray, 1839)
* ''
Peristernia taitensis''
(Lesson, 1842)
* ''
Peristernia tayloriana''
(Reeve, 1848)
* ''
Peristernia tulipa''
(Lesson, 1841)
* ''
Peristernia ustulata''
(Reeve, 1847)
* ''
Peristernia venusta''
Smith, 1911
* ''
Peristernia violacea''
(Reeve, 1847)
; Species brought into synonymy :
* ''Peristernia aureocincta'' Sowerby, 1875: synonym of ''Latirus aureocinctus''
G. B. Sowerby III, 1875: synonym of ''Teralatirus noumeensis''
(Crosse, 1870): synonym of ''
Crassicantharus noumeensis
''Crassicantharus noumeensis'', common name the gold-banded latirus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Dolicholatiridae.
Description
The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 25 mm.
(Original des ...
''
(Crosse, 1870)
* ''Peristernia bonasia''
(Martens, 1880): synonym of ''
Engina bonasia''
(E. von Martens, 1880)
* ''Peristernia brazieri'' Angas, 1877: synonym of ''
Nodopelagia brazieri'' (Angas, 1877)
* ''Peristernia corallina'' Melvill & Standen, 1903 : synonym of ''
Orania corallina'' (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* ''Peristernia deshayesii'' Küster & Kobelt, 1876 : synonym of ''Peristernia nassatula'' var. ''deshayesii'' Küster & Kobelt, 1876
* ''Peristernia fenestrata'' Gould, 1860 : synonym of ''
Vaughtia fenestrata'' (Gould, 1860)
* ''Peristernia fragaria'' Wood: synonym of ''
Engina fragaria'' (W. Wood, 1828)
* ''Peristernia incarnata'': synonym of''
Peristernia reincarnata'' Snyder, 2000
* ''Peristernia leucothea'' Melvill, 1891: synonym of ''Peristernia forskalii'' leucothea Melvill, 1891
* ''Peristernia mannophora'' Melvill, 1891 : synonym of ''
Latirus mannophorus'' (Melvill, 1891)
* ''Peristernia neglecta'' (Adams, 1855) : synonym of ''Peristernia pulchella'' (Reeve, 1847)
* ''Peristernia nodulosa'' A. Adams, 1855 : synonym of ''
Attiliosa nodulosa
''Attiliosa nodulosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae
Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as mur ...
'' (A. Adams, 1855)
* ''Peristernia paulucciae'' Tapparone-Canefri, 1879 : synonym of ''
Engina paulucciae'' (Tapparone-Canefri, 1879)
* ''Peristernia philberti''
(Récluz, 1844): synonym of ''
Latirus philberti''
(Récluz, 1844)
* ''Peristernia pilsbryi'' Kuroda & Habe, 1952 : synonym of ''
Fusolatirus coreanicus'' (E.A. Smith, 1879)
* ''Peristernia rubens''
(Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''
Benimakia rubens''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Peristernia rudolphi'' Brazier, 1894 : synonym of ''
Litozamia rudolphi'' (Brazier, 1894)
* ''Peristernia scabrosa'' (Reeve, 1847) : synonym of'' Peristernia chlorostoma'' (Sowerby, 1825)
* ''Peristernia sowerbyi''
(Melvill, 1907): synonym of ''
Benimakia sowerbyi''
(Melvill, 1907)
* ''Peristernia strangei'' (Adams, 1855) : synonym of ''
Latirus strangei'' (Adams, 1855)
* ''Peristernia xantochrous''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1880): synonym of ''
Latirus xantochrous''
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1881)
* ''Peristernia zealandica'' (Küster & Kobelt, 1876):
synonym of ''
Benimakia rubens''
(Lamarck, 1822)
References
* Snyder M.A. (2003). ''Four new species of Latirus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from the Philippine Islands and the southern Caribbean''. Iberus 20(3): 1–9
* Martin Avery Snyder and Paul Callomon (2010). ''Tapparone-Canefri's Type Material of Fasciolariid Gastropoda (Mollusca) at the Genoa Natural History Museum'', Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 159(1):31-38;
* Martin Avery Snyder (2000), ''Nomenclatural emendations in the family Fasciolariidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda)'', Proceedings of the academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia 150, 173-179
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7168802
Fasciolariidae
Gastropod genera