References
* Crabo L, Davis M, Hammond P, Mustelin T, Shepard J (2013). "Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Northwestern North America, with notes on ''Chytolita'' Grote (Erebidae) and ''Hydraecia'' Guenée (Noctuidae)". ''ZooKeys''. 264: 85-123. * Lafontaine D, Troubridge J (2010). "Two new species of the ''Euxoa westermanni'' species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae)". ''ZooKeys''. 39: 255-262. * Lafontaine, J. Donald & Schmidt, B. Christian (2010). "Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico". ''ZooKeys''. vol. 40, 1-239.Further reading
* Arnett, Ross H. (2000). ''American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico''. CRC Press. Orthosiini {{Orthosiini-stub