''Percina'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small freshwater

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

belonging to the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Etheostomatinae Etheostomatinae is a species-rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family ...

, which is part of the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Percidae The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains nearly 250 ...

. The Percidae family also includes the

perch Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus ''Perca'', which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from , meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (''P. fluviatilis'') ...

es, ruffes and pikeperches from

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

. Along with similar fishes in other genera, members of ''Percina'' are commonly known as "

darters The darters, anhingas, or snakebirds are mainly tropical waterbirds in the family Anhingidae, which contains a single genus, ''Anhinga''. There are four living species, three of which are very common and widespread while the fourth is rarer and c ...

". More specifically, the genus as a whole is known as roughbelly darters, while certain

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of ''Percina'' displaying vertical bars on their flanks are called logperches.

Species

There are currently 49 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Percina antesella The amber darter (''Percina antesella'') is a small, endangered species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is nativ ...

'' J. D. Williams & Etnier, 1978 (Amber darter) * '' Percina apristis'' C. L. Hubbs & Hubbs, 1954 (Guadalupe darter) * '' Percina aurantiaca''

Cope A cope ( ("rain coat") or ("cape")) is a liturgical long mantle or cloak, open at the front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colour. A cope may be worn by any rank of the Catholic or Anglican clerg ...

, 1868 (Tangerine darter) * ''

Percina aurolineata The goldline darter (''Percina aurolineata'') is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in th ...

'' Suttkus & Ramsey, 1967 (Goldline darter) * '' Percina aurora'' Suttkus & B. A. Thompson, 1994 (Pearl darter) * '' Percina austroperca'' B. A. Thompson, 1995 (Southern logperch) * '' Percina bimaculata''

Haldeman Haldemann, Haldimann, frenchised Haldimand, anglicised Haldeman or in variants is a Swiss German surname of Emmental origin, derived from „Halde“ and „Mann“ (literally „heap“ in the sense of side, slope, and „man“; i.e. a man living ...

, 1844 (Chesapeake logperch) * '' Percina brevicauda'' Suttkus &

Bart Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a rapid transit system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California. BART serves List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations, 50 stations along six routes and of track, including eBART, a spur line running t ...

, 1994 (Coal darter) * ''

Percina brucethompsoni ''Percina brucethompsoni'', the Ouachita darter, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the ...

Robinson Robinson may refer to: People and names * Robinson (name) Fictional characters * Robinson Crusoe, the main character, and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe, published in 1719 Geography * Robinson projection, a map projection used since the 19 ...

, Cashner &

Near NEAR or Near may refer to: People * Thomas J. Near, US evolutionary ichthyologist * Near, a developer who created the higan emulator Science, mathematics, technology, biology, and medicine * National Emergency Alarm Repeater (NEAR), a form ...

, 2014 (Ouachita darter) * '' Percina burtoni'' Fowler, 1945 (Blotchside darter) * ''

Percina caprodes The common logperch (''Percina caprodes''), sometimes simply known as the logperch, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and ...

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; 22 October 178318 September 1840) was a French early 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ult ...

, 1810 (Common logperch) * '' Percina carbonaria'' Baird & Girard, 1853 (Texas logperch) * '' Percina copelandi'' D. S. Jordan, 1877 (Channel darter) * '' Percina crassa'' D. S. Jordan & Brayton, 1878 (Piedmont darter) * '' Percina crypta'' M. C. Freeman, B. J. Freeman, Burkhead &

Straight Straight may refer to: Slang * Straight, slang for heterosexual ** Straight-acting, normal person * Straight, a member of the straight edge subculture Sport and games * Straight, an alternative name for the cross, a type of punch in boxing * Str ...

, 2008 (Halloween darter) * '' Percina cymatotaenia'' Gilbert &

Meek Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience. Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards o ...

, 1887 (Bluestripe darter) * ''

Percina evides The gilt darter (''Percina evides'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It can be found in a number of st ...

'' D. S. Jordan & Copeland, 1877 (Gilt darter) * '' Percina freemanorum''

, MacGuigan, Boring, Simmons, Albanese, Keck,

Harrington Harrington (or Harington) may refer to: People as a surname *Harrington (surname) People as a forename * Arthur Raikes (Arthur Edward Harington Raikes, 1867–1915), British army officer * Charles Harrington Elster, American writer *Edward Josep ...

& Dinkins, 2021 (Etowah bridled darter)Thomas J. Near, Daniel J. MacGuigan, Emily L. Boring, Jeffrey W. Simmons, Brett Albanese, Benjamin P. Keck, Richard C. Harrington and Gerald R. Dinkins. 2021. A New Species of Bridled Darter Endemic to the Etowah River System in Georgia (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 62(1); 15–42. DOI: 10.3374/014.062.0102 * '' Percina fulvitaenia''

Morris Morris may refer to: Places Australia * St Morris, South Australia, place in South Australia Canada * Morris Township, Ontario, now part of the municipality of Morris-Turnberry * Rural Municipality of Morris, Manitoba ** Morris, Man ...

Page Page most commonly refers to: * Page (paper), one side of a leaf of paper, as in a book Page, PAGE, pages, or paging may also refer to: Roles * Page (assistance occupation), a professional occupation * Page (servant), traditionally a young m ...

, 1981 (Ozark logperch) * '' Percina gymnocephala'' Beckham, 1980 (Appalachia darter) * ''

Percina jenkinsi The Conasauga logperch (''Percina jenkinsi'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the Family (biology), family Percidae, which also contains the perches, Gymnocephalus, ruffes and Sande ...

'' B. A. Thompson, 1985 (Conasauga logperch) * '' Percina kathae'' B. A. Thompson, 1997 (Mobile logperch) * '' Percina kusha'' J. D. Williams & Burkhead, 2007 (Bridled darter) * '' Percina lenticula''

Richards Richards may refer to: *Richards (surname) In places: * Richards, New South Wales, Australia * Richards, Missouri, United States * Richards, Texas, United States In other uses: * Richards (lunar crater), on the Moon See also * Richard (dis ...

& L. W. Knapp, 1964 (Freckled darter) * '' Percina macrocephala''

, 1867 (Longhead darter) * '' Percina macrolepida'' Stevenson, 1971 (Bigscale logperch) * '' Percina maculata'' Girard, 1859 (Blackside darter) * '' Percina nasuta'' Bailey, 1941 (Longnose darter) * '' Percina nevisense''

, 1870 (Chainback darter) * '' Percina nigrofasciata''

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he recei ...

, 1854 (Blackbanded darter) * '' Percina notogramma'' Raney & C. L. Hubbs, 1948 (Stripeback darter) * '' Percina oxyrhynchus'' C. L. Hubbs & Raney, 1939 (Sharpnose darter) * '' Percina palmaris'' Bailey, 1940 (Bronze darter) * ''

Percina pantherina The leopard darter (''Percina pantherina'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is native to the Unite ...

Moore Moore may refer to: Language * Mooré language, spoken in West Africa People * Moore (surname) ** List of people with surname Moore * Moore Crosthwaite (1907–1989), a British diplomat and ambassador * Moore Disney (1765–1846), a senior ...

Reeves Reeves may refer to: People * Reeves (surname) * B. Reeves Eason (1886–1956), American director, actor and screenwriter * Reeves Nelson (born 1991), American basketball player Places ;Ireland * Reeves, County Kildare, townland in County Kild ...

, 1955 (Leopard darter) * '' Percina peltata'' Stauffer, 1864 (Shield darter) * ''

Percina phoxocephala ''Percina phoxocephala'', the slenderhead darter, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in Nort ...

'' E. W. Nelson, 1876 (Slenderhead darter) * ''

Percina rex The Roanoke logperch (''Percina rex'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in the Roanoke and ...

'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1889 (Roanoke logperch) * '' Percina roanoka'' D. S. Jordan & O. P. Jenkins, 1889 (Roanoke darter) * '' Percina sciera''

Swain Swain, Swains or Swain's may refer to: Places * Swain Islands, Antarctica * Swain's Island (Newfoundland and Labrador), Canada * Swains Island, an atoll in the Tokelau chain, American Samoa * Swain County, North Carolina, United States * Swains ...

, 1883 (Dusky darter) * '' Percina shumardi'' Girard, 1859 (River darter) * '' Percina sipsi'' J. D. Williams & Neely, 2007 (Bankhead darter) * '' Percina smithvanizi'' J. D. Williams &

Walsh Walsh may refer to: People and fictional characters * Walsh (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters Places Australia * Mount Walsh, Mount Walsh National Park Canada * Fort Walsh, one of the first Royal Canadian Mounted ...

, 2007 (Muscadine darter) * '' Percina squamata'' Gilbert &

, 1887 (Olive darter) * '' Percina stictogaster'' Burr &

, 1993 (Frecklebelly darter) * '' Percina suttkusi'' B. A. Thompson, 1997 (Gulf logperch) * ''

Percina tanasi The snail darter (''Percina tanasi'') is a disputed species of small freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. Emblematic of th ...

'' Etnier, 1976 (Snail darter) * '' Percina uranidea'' D. S. Jordan & Gilbert, 1887 (Stargazing darter) * '' Percina vigil'' O. P. Hay, 1882 (Saddleback darter) * '' Percina westfalli'' ( Fowler, 1942) (Sooty-banded darter) * '' Percina williamsi''

, 2007 (Sickle darter)

References

Etheostomatinae Taxa named by Samuel Stehman Haldeman

Percina ''Percina'' is a genus of small freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Etheostomatinae, which is part of the family Percidae. The Percidae family also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches from North America. Along with si ...

{{Percidae-stub