Peptidoglycan binding domains have a general

peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane, the rigid Cell wall#Bacterial_cell_walls, cell wall (murein sac ...

binding function and a common core structure consisting of a closed, three-helical bundle with a left-handed twist. It is found at the N or C terminus of a variety of enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall degradation. Examples are: * Muramoyl-pentapeptide carboxypeptidase () * N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase cwlA precursor (cell wall hydrolase, autolysin, ) * Autolytic lysozyme (1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase, autolysin, ) * Membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase B * Zinc-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase, VanX. Many of the proteins having this domain are as yet uncharacterised. However, some are known to belong to MEROPS peptidase family M15 (clan MD), subfamily M15A metallopeptidases. A number of the proteins belonging to subfamily M15A are non-peptidase homologues as they either have been found experimentally to be without peptidase activity, or lack amino acid residues that are believed to be essential for the catalytic activity. Eukaryotic enzymes can contain structurally similar PGBD-like domains. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which catalyse extracellular matrix degradation, have N-terminal domains that resemble PGBD. Examples are gelatinase A (MMP-2), which degrades type IV collagen, stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), which plays a role in arthritis and tumour invasion, and gelatinase B (MMP-9) secreted by neutrophils as part of the innate immune defence mechanism. Several MMPs are implicated in cancer progression, since degradation of the extracellular matrix is an essential step in the cascade of metastasis.

Examples

Humans genes encoding proteins containing this domain include: *

MMP1 Interstitial collagenase, also known as fibroblast collagenase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP1'' gene. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. ...

MMP2 72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP2'' gene. The ''MMP2'' gene is located on chromosome 16 at position 12.2. Function Proteins of the ...

MMP3 Stromelysin-1 also known as matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP3'' gene. The MMP3 gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. MMP-3 has an estimated molecular wei ...

, MMP7,

MMP8 Neutrophil collagenase, also known as matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) or PMNL collagenase (MNL-CL), is a collagen cleaving enzyme which is present in the connective tissue of most mammals. In humans, the MMP-8 protein is encoded by the ''MMP ...

MMP9 Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B (GELB), is a matrixin, a class of enzymes that belong to the zinc- metalloproteinases family involved in the degradation of the extrac ...

, * MMP10,

MMP12 Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) also known as macrophage metalloelastase (MME) or macrophage elastase (ME) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP12'' gene. Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are inv ...

MMP13 Collagenase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP13'' gene. It is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Like most MMPs, it is secreted as an inactive pro-form. MMP-13 has an predicted molecular weight around 54 kDa. ...

MMP14 Matrix metalloproteinase-14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP14'' gene. Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, su ...

MMP15 Matrix metalloproteinase 15 also known as MMP15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP15'' gene. Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physi ...

MMP16 Matrix metalloproteinase-16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP16'' gene. Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embry ...

MMP17 Matrix metalloproteinase-17 (MMP-17) also known as membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 4 (MT-MMP 4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP17'' gene. Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) family are involved i ...

MMP19 Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) also known as matrix metalloproteinase RASI is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP19'' gene. Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of ext ...

, *

MMP20 Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) also known as enamel metalloproteinase or enamelysin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP20'' gene. Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) family are involved in the breakdow ...

MMP21 Matrix metalloproteinase-21 (MMP-21) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP21'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of extracellul ...

MMP24 Matrix metalloproteinase-24 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP24'' gene. Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrix metallopeptidases or matrixins, are metalloproteinases t ...

MMP25 Matrix metalloproteinase-25 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP25'' gene. Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embry ...

MMP27 Matrix metallopeptidase 27 also known as MMP-27 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''MMP27'' gene. Structure MMP-27 was discovered and cloned in 1998 by Yang and Kurkinen. Initially compared to the so-called Chicken MMP (CMMP), MM ...

MMP28 Matrix metalloproteinase 28 also known as epilysin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MMP28'' gene. Function Matrix metalloproteinase 28, also known as epilysin, belongs to a family of proteins known as matrix metalloproteinases wh ...

References

{{InterPro content, IPR002477 Protein domains Single-pass transmembrane proteins