Peno () is an

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...

and the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

Penovsky District Penovsky District () is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Ostashkovsky District in the north, Selizharovsky Dis ...

Tver Oblast Tver Oblast (, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (). Population: Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much o ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. It is located between Lake Peno and

Lake Volgo Lake Volgo () is a lake in Ostashkovsky District, Ostashkovsky, Penovsky District, Penovsky, and Selizharovsky Districts of Tver Oblast, Russia. The Volga River flows through the lake in its upper course. The lake has a surface area of , and the a ...

, both located in the course of the

Volga River The Volga (, ) is the longest river in Europe and the longest endorheic basin river in the world. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment ...

and belonging to Upper Volga Reservoir. Population:

History

Peno was founded in the 1900s as a settlement to serve the railway station. It was located in

Ostashkovsky Uyezd Ostashkovsky Uyezd (''Осташковский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Ostashkov. Demographics ...

Tver Governorate Tver Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Tver. The governorate was lo ...

. From 1924, the settlement of Peno was made a center of a

volost Volost (; ; ) was a traditional administrative subdivision in Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the Russian Empire. History The '' Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (1890–1907) states that the origins of the concept is unc ...

. In 1926, Peno was granted urban-type settlement status. On 1 October 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Penovsky District with the administrative center in the settlement of Peno was established. It belonged to

Velikiye Luki Okrug Veliky, or similar, may refer to: * Veliky (rural locality) (''Velikaya'', ''Velikoye''), name of several rural localities in Russia * Veliky (surname) * Velikaya, a river in Pskov Oblast, Russia * Velikaya (Chukotka), a river in Chukotka, Russia * ...

Western Oblast Western Oblast () was an administrative-territorial unit (''oblast'') of the Russian SFSR from 1929 to 1937. Its seat was in the city of Smolensk. The oblast was located in the west of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided b ...

. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935

Kalinin Oblast Tver Oblast (, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (). Population: Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of ...

was established, and Ostashkovsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. During World War II, Peno was occupied by German troops. In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Chai ...

, Kirovsky and Penovsky Districts were merged into Ostashkovsky District. On December 27, 1973, Penovsky District was re-established. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

Economy

Industry

There are enterprises of timber, construction, and food industries in Peno. Formerly, timber industry provided the major part of the GDP of the district, however, currently it experiences a deep crisis.

Transportation

The railway connecting

Bologoye Bologoye () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. ;Urban localities * Bologoye, Tver Oblast, a town in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast ;Rural localities * Bologoye, Omsk Oblast, a '' selo'' in Rozovsky Rural Okrug of Russko-P ...

with

Velikiye Luki Velikiye Luki ( rus, Вели́кие Лу́ки, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪjə ˈlukʲɪ; lit. ''great meanders''. Г. П. Смолицкая. "Топонимический словарь Центральной России". "Армада-� ...

runs through Peno. There is infrequent passenger traffic. A paved road connects

Ostashkov Ostashkov () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Ostashkovsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, on a peninsula at the southern shore of Lake Seliger, west of Tver, the administrative center of the ...

with Zapadnaya Dvina via Peno and

Andreapol Andreapol () is a town and the administrative center of Andreapolsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Valdai Hills on the left bank in the upper course of the Western Dvina. Population: 12,000 (1968). Paleontology Fossils of ...

. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic in the district.

Culture and recreation

In Peno, the tomb of Liza Chaikina by

Nikolai Tomsky Nikolai Vasilyevich Tomsky (; , – 22 November 1984) was a much-decorated Soviet sculptor, designer of many well-known ceremonial monuments of the Socialist Realism era. Biography Born in the village of Staro Ramushevo in Novgorod province, ...

in Peno, as well as the central square where she was executed, are classified as cultural and historical heritage of federal significance.

References

Notes

Sources

* * {{Use mdy dates, date=July 2012 Urban-type settlements in Tver Oblast Ostashkovsky Uyezd