Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC) is a megaproject development in Pengerang,

Kota Tinggi District Kota Tinggi District is a district in the Malaysian state of Johor. It is the largest district in the state with an area of . The population was 222,382 in 2020. The principal town is Kota Tinggi. Geography The district has an area of 3,482&n ...

Johor Johor, also spelled Johore,'' is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore ...

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

. It spans over an area of 80 km² and is currently the largest petrochemical complex in Malaysia, and one of the major petrochemical hubs in the world. It will house

oil refineries An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied pet ...

naphtha Naphtha (, recorded as less common or nonstandard in all dictionaries: ) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and ...

crackers,

petrochemical Petrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable s ...

plants,

liquefied natural gas Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume o ...

(LNG) terminals and a regasification plant upon completion.

Background

The site where it stands now was chosen because of its location along major shipping routes between the

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

and

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. The project was launched to increase

's petrochemical output.

Management

The Johor Petroleum Development Corporation Berhad (JPDC) was established to oversee the development of the project. JPDC was created as a subsidiary of Malaysia Petroleum Resources Corporation (MPRC).

Architecture

The components of PIPC was first initiated with the development of the 5 million cubic meters capacity of Pengerang Deepwater Terminal (PDT), a joint-venture between Dialog Group, Royal Vopak of the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

and

. It serves as a centralized storage facility for trading, refining and

petrochemical industry file:Jampilen Petrochemical Co. 02.jpg, 300px, Jampilen Petrochemical co., Asaluyeh, Iran The petrochemical industry is concerned with the production and trade of petrochemicals. A major part is constituted by the plastics industry, plastics (poly ...

. The USD3 billion facility includes an independent terminal for trading, a dedicated industrial terminal within PIPC, and an LNG terminal. The construction of a deepwater jetty facility enables the berthing of both ultra large crude carriers and very large crude carriers. PDT received its first shipment of oil in the first quarter of 2014. The other component of PIPC is the

Petronas Petroliam Nasional Berhad, commonly known as PETRONAS (stylised in all caps), is a Malaysian Multinational corporation, multinational petroleum, oil and natural gas, gas company headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. Established in 1974, it is a lega ...

Pengerang Integrated Complex (PIC), Petronas' largest downstream

investment Investment is traditionally defined as the "commitment of resources into something expected to gain value over time". If an investment involves money, then it can be defined as a "commitment of money to receive more money later". From a broade ...

in a single location to date. The development includes the US$16 billion Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development Project (RAPID). This also involves the US$11 billion associated facilities, which are air separation unit, raw water supply, cogeneration plant, regasification terminal, deepwater terminal and utilities. Upon its completion in 2019, PIC will have a refining capacity of 300,000 barrels per day with petrochemical plants yielding an estimated annual production capacity of 3.6 million tonnes of petrochemical products. Its sheltered harbour with a natural water depth of 24 meters provides berthing conditions for Ultra Large Crude Carriers (ULCCs) and Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs).

Transportation

The complex is accessible by road using the Senai–Desaru Expressway from

Johor Bahru Johor Bahru, abbreviated as JB, is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Johor. It is the core city of Johor Bahru District, Malaysia's second-largest district by population and the second-largest district economy. Covering an area of ...

References

{{Reflist Buildings and structures in Johor Buildings and structures under construction in Malaysia Kota Tinggi District Petroleum industry