Pena is a former parish (''

freguesia (), usually translated as "parish" or "civil parish", is the third-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as defined by the 1976 Constitution. It is also the designation for local government jurisdictions in the former Portuguese over ...

'') in the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

Lisbon Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...

, Portugal. At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish

Arroios Arroios () is a ''freguesia'' (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in central Lisbon, Arroios is north of Santa Maria Maior and São Vicente, east of Santo António, south of Avenidas Novas and Areeiro, and we ...

.Lei n.º 56/2012 (Reorganização administrativa de Lisboa)
''Diário da República'', 1.ª Série, n.º 216. Accessed 25/11/2012. In 2001, the population of the district included 6038 residents, in an area of 0.5 km², representing a highly compact population.

History

It was created in 1564, and designated ''Sant'Ana'' by Cardinal

Henry, King of Portugal Henry ( ; 31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580), dubbed the Chaste () and the Cardinal-King (), was King of Portugal and an inquisitor and cardinal of the Catholic Church, who ruled Portugal between 1578 and 1580. As a clergyman, he was bound to ...

, when the parish of Santa Justa was divided. Initially, the parish authority was localized in the Monastery of Sant'Ana (founded in 1561), but transferred to a building constructed by the

brothers A brother (: brothers or brethren) is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingl ...

of the Santo Sacramento (after 25 March 1705): the Church of Nossa Senhora da Pena, along the ''Calçada da Pena'', when the parish name changed to ''Nossa Senhora da Penha''. But, the

1755 Lisbon earthquake The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake, impacted Portugal, the Iberian Peninsula, and Northwest Africa on the morning of Saturday, 1 November, All Saints' Day, Feast of All Saints, at around 09:40 local time. In ...

caused significant damage, and it was renovated by the middle of the 18th century, with recuperation completed in both the 18th and 19th centuries. Until 1763, the parish authority occupied several buildings, including a hermitage along the ''Travessa do Hospital'', then at the Church of Nossa Senhora da Encarnação e Carmo, along the ''Travessa das Recolhidas'', and later to the chapel in the Palace of Mitelo (in the ''Largo do Palácio do Mitelo'').

Geography

The parish of Pena occupies one of the hilltops in Lisbon, namely Santana, which extends from ''Largo São Domingos'' until ''Estefânia'' and from ''Portas de Santo Antão'' to ''Desterro''. It is part of the historical quarter of Lisbon, and is encircled by the civil parishes of Santa Justa, Socorro, Anjos,

São Jorge de Arroios SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Serb Autonomous Regions (''Srpska autonomna oblast'', SAO), during the breakup of Yu ...

Coração de Jesus Coração de Jesus is a Brazilian municipality located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. In 2020 the population was 26,611 in a total area of 2,236 km2. It became a municipality in 1912.

and São José. The centre of the parish is the ''Jardim Braamcamp Freire'' (), dedicated to the republican historian and archeologist, who directly opposed the British administration of William Beresford. After this period of Portuguese history the park was known as the ''Campo dos Mártires da Pátria'' (dedicated to the ''

martyr A martyr (, ''mártys'', 'witness' Word stem, stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external party. In ...

s of the

fatherland A homeland is a place where a national or ethnic identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethnic nation ...

''), which was commonly referred to as the ''Campo de Santana'' until the 18th century.

References

{{Authority control Former parishes of Lisbon