Scombriformes, also known as Pelagia and Pelagiaria, is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

within the clade

Percomorpha Percomorpha () is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including Scombroidei, tuna, Syngnathiformes, seahorses, gobies, Cichlidae, cichlids, flatfish, Labridae, wrasse, Perciformes, perches ...

. It contains 287

extant Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Exta ...

species in 16

families Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...

, most of which were previously classified under the

suborder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

Scombroidei Scombroidei or Scombrales is a suborder or infraorder of the order Scombriformes or suborder Scombroidei. The suborder or infraorder includes the tunas, mackerel and snake-mackerels. Regular scombrids are observed to have large heads, eyes, and ...

and

Stromateoidei Stromateoidei is a suborder of marine ray-finned fish within the order Scombriformes. It includes the medusafishes, squaretails and driftfishes which associate with jellyfish, the latter families preying on them while the medusafish use them fo ...

of the order

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...

. The earliest known scombriform is the

scombrid The mackerel, tuna, and bonito family, Scombridae, includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily Scombrinae, except the butterfl ...

'' Landanichthys'' from the

Middle Paleocene The Selandian is a stage in the Paleocene. It spans the time between . It is preceded by the Danian and followed by the Thanetian. Sometimes the Paleocene is subdivided in subepochs, in which the Selandian forms the "middle Paleocene". Stratigr ...

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

Taxonomy

Scombriformes includes the following families: * Suborder

** Family Amarsipidae (amarsipa) ** Family Centrolophidae (medusafishes) ** Family Nomeidae (driftfishes) ** Family Tetragonuridae (squaretails) ** Family

Ariommatidae Ariommatidae is a family of marine ray-finned fishes which are classified within the suborder Stromateoidei of the order Scombriformes. Genera Ariommatidae contains one extant genus and one known extinct genus: The extinct genus '' Cubariomma' ...

(ariommas) ** Family

Stromateidae The family Stromateidae or butterfish contains 15 species of ray-finned fish in three genera. Butterfishes live in coastal waters off the Americas, western Africa and in the Indo-Pacific. The endemic New Zealand species '' Odax pullus'' is commo ...

(butterfishes) * Suborder

** Family Pomatomidae (bluefishes) ** Family

Icosteidae The ragfish (''Icosteus aenigmaticus'') is a ray-finned fish of the northern Pacific Ocean; although classified as a bony fish, its skeleton is mostly cartilage, and the larvae have pelvic fins that disappear as they mature. It is the sole member ...

(ragfish) ** Family Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai)) ** Family

Chiasmodontidae The Chiasmodontidae, snaketooth fishes or swallowers, are a family of deep-sea predatory ray-finned fishes, part of the order Scombriformes, that are found in all oceans. As suggested by their common name, they are characterized by their abili ...

(swallowers) ** Family

Scombridae The mackerel, tuna, and bonito family, Scombridae, includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily Scombrinae, except the but ...

*** Subfamily Gasterochismatinae (butterfly kingfish) *** Subfamily

Scombrinae The Scombrinae are a subfamily of ray-finned bony fishes in the family Scombridae. Of the 51 species in the Scombridae, 50 are in Scombrinae – with the sole exception being the butterfly kingfish, which is placed in the monospecific subfamil ...

(mackerels, bonitos and tunas) ** Family

Caristiidae Caristiidae, the manefishes, are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes which today includes 19 extant taxon, extant species distributed in four genera. Taxonomy The following genera are known: * ''Caristius'' Theodore Nicholas Gill, Gill ...

(manefishes) ** Family

Bramidae Pomfrets are scombriform fish belonging to the family Bramidae. The family currently includes 20 species across seven genera. Several species are important food sources for humans, especially ''Brama brama'' in South Asia. The earlier form of t ...

(pomfrets) ** Family Scombrolabracidae (longfin escolar) ** Family † Euzaphlegidae ** Family

Gempylidae The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species. They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usuall ...

(snake mackerels) ** Family Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes) *** Subfamily Aphanopodinae (frostfishes) *** Subfamily Lepidopodinae (scabbardfishes) *** Subfamily Trichiurinae (hairtails)

Phylogeny

The

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...

relationships within Scombriformes are shown in this

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ...

from Near & Thacker (2024):

References

Ray-finned fish orders Taxa named by Arthur Smith Woodward {{Scombroidei-stub