Pazzano ( Calabrian: ) is a village and ''

comune A (; : , ) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions () and provinces (). The can also have the City status in Italy, titl ...

'' located in

Locride Locride is an area of Calabria, Italy around the town of Locri in the Province of Reggio Calabria. The term takes origin from the Locris, an ancient Greek region. It is divided into 5 areas: * Vallata dello Stilaro * Vallata del Torbido * Epizefir ...

's region in the

province of Reggio Calabria The province of Reggio Calabria () was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province in mainland Italy and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. The capital was the city of Reggio. It w ...

(

Calabria Calabria is a Regions of Italy, region in Southern Italy. It is a peninsula bordered by the region Basilicata to the north, the Ionian Sea to the east, the Strait of Messina to the southwest, which separates it from Sicily, and the Tyrrhenian S ...

, southern

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

History

The first known mention of Pazzano dates to a 1094 document. The town was founded as a minerary center for the exploitation of

iron Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's o ...

(by

pyrite The mineral pyrite ( ), or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula Fe S2 (iron (II) disulfide). Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral. Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue ...

and

limonite Limonite () is an iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxides in varying composition. The generic formula is frequently written as , although this is not entirely accurate as the ratio of oxide to hydroxide can vary qu ...

) and

molybdenum Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mo (from Neo-Latin ''molybdaenum'') and atomic number 42. The name derived from Ancient Greek ', meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals hav ...

(the latter in caves of Monte Stella and Monte Consolino) deposits. During the period of the

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies () was a kingdom in Southern Italy from 1816 to 1861 under the control of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, Bourbons. The kingdom was the largest sovereign state by popula ...

, its 25 mines made Pazzano the most important mining centre in all of southern Italy. The minerals were processed at Reali ferriere ed Officine di Mongiana in

Mongiana Mongiana ( Calabrian: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about southwest of Catanzaro Catanzaro (; or ; ), also known as the "City of the two Seas" (), is an Italian ci ...

. Pazzano became a ''

''in 1811. Minerary activities lasted until the 20th century. During the 1950s, the inhabitants began to emigrate to northern Italy, and Pazzano's population drastically reduced. At

Sydney Sydney is the capital city of the States and territories of Australia, state of New South Wales and the List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city in Australia. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Syd ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

), since the 1950s the emigrants of Pazzano created a little Community in Brookvale (nicknamed ''Pazzaniedu'') and at Narraweena, every year take place the Santo Salvatore's fiest. There is also a little community at

Aliquippa Aliquippa is a city in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 9,238 at the 2020 census. It is located northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Formerly the location ...

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

(USA). By the 1980s the

ecomuseum An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance the welfare and development of local community, local communities. Ecomuseums originated in France, the concept being develop ...

Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria (Ecomuseum of iron-foundry and foundry of Calabria) was to preserve and remember the

industrial archaeology Industrial archaeology (IA) is the systematic study of material evidence associated with the Industry (manufacturing), industrial past. This evidence, collectively referred to as industrial heritage, includes buildings, machinery, artifacts, si ...

of the town.

Main sights

* ''Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta in Cielo'' (Santa Maria's church) * '' Santuario di Monte Stella'' (Monte Stella's Sanctuary) * The 25 old iron mines of Borbonic period, now closed: *Principe Ereditario (Settecento) *Carolina (Settecento) *S. Ferdinando (Settecento) *Regina *Noceto *Scolo *Galleria Italia *Galleria Piave *Galleria Acqua Calda *Contrì *San Giuseppe *R. Principe *Colle di Banno *Lucarello *S. Maria *Perrone *Gotto *perronello *Clementina *Clementina II *San Carlo *San Nicola *Campoli *Garibaldi *San Luigi *Grotta Nuova *Provvisoria *Regina ribasso *Melichicchi *Umberto I * ''Fontana Vecchia'' or ''Fontana dei minatori'' (Old Fountain or Miner's Fountain)

People

* Giuseppe Coniglio (2 December 1922 – 13 March 2006), poet. He wrote ''Calabria contadina'' (poetry, 1973), ''Quattru chjacchjari e ddui arrisi'' (poetry, 1984), '' A terra mia'' (poetry, 1998) and ''Marcu e Filomena'' (theatrical comedy)

Economy

In the past Pazzano had an industrial activity related with

Reali Ferriere di Mongiana Reali is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Antonio Reali (1891–1975), Italian World War I flying ace *Cristiana Reali (born 1965), French actress *Emiliano Reali (born 1976), Italian writer * Ivan Reali (born 1991), I ...

, people who worked in the field in spring and summer period on winter worked in the iron mines. The subsistence agriculture produced olive oil, wine, grain, cheese, vegetables like eggplants, tomatoes, chicory, zucchini, beans, chickpeas, fruit like oranges, figs, and pears. There were also limestone quarries, hydraulic mills, and a homemade of dress production. The 1960s was also the period when emigration to Italian northern cities and year by year numerous economical activities closed. The economy of Pazzano now is largely based on agriculture: olive oil production, fruit harvesting, and religious tourism. In the early 21st century, there have been some attempts in

Vallata dello Stilaro The Vallata dello Stilaro (the Valley of Stilaro) is a valley in the Province of Reggio Calabria of Southern Italy. It takes its name from river that flow in the area, the Stilaro. The principal settlements present in the valley are Bivongi, ...

and Serre calabresi to increase natural tourism with the creation of the near Parco naturale regionale delle Serre (Serre's park) and archaeological

industrial tourism Industrial tourism is tourism in which the desired destination includes industrial sites peculiar to a particular location. The concept is not new, as it includes wine tours in France, visits to cheesemakers in the Netherlands, Jack Daniel's dis ...

with the ecomuseum creation of Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria and the building of Museo della cultura mineraria (mine culture museum) in Pazzano.

Transportation

Pazzano is located on the SS 110 state road, from the coastal town of

Monasterace Monasterace (; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about south of Catanzaro and about northeast of Reggio Calabria. The ruins of the ancient Greek city Caulonia are located ...

Marina. There is a bus service, Federico, that links Pazzano with

Reggio Calabria Reggio di Calabria (; ), commonly and officially referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the List of cities in Italy, largest city in Calabria as well as the seat of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria. As ...

and several other towns including

Stilo Stilo (Central-Southern Calabrian, Calabrian: ; ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Reggio Calabria, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is from Reggio Calabria, Reggio. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most bea ...

Caulonia Caulonia is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about southwest of Catanzaro and about northeast of Reggio Calabria in the Stilaro Valley. Originally it was known as Castelvetere ...

Gioiosa Ionica Gioiosa Ionica ( Calabrian: ) is a town and ''comune'' in Italy in the province of Reggio Calabria, region of Calabria. It lies near the east coast of Calabria and covers an area of . The remains of a theatre belonging to the Roman period were di ...

and

Locri Locri is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy. Its name derives from that of the ancient Greek region of Locris. Today it is an important administrative and cultural center on the Ion ...

. The nearest railway station is Monasterace Marina (15 km).

Food

Pazzano's food is typical of Calabria, and includes: *''Pasta e casa'' (Home made pasta). *

Ragù In Italian cuisine, ragù (; from French '' ragoût'') is a meat sauce commonly served with pasta. An Italian gastronomic society, Accademia Italiana della Cucina, documented several ragù recipes. The recipes' common characteristics are the pr ...

cooked with goat

meat Meat is animal Tissue (biology), tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted and farmed other animals for meat since prehistory. The Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of vertebrates, including chickens, sheep, ...

. *

Tripe Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals. Most tripe is from cattle and sheep. Types Beef Beef tripe is made from the muscle wall (the interior mucosal lining is removed) of a cow's stomach chambers: th ...

('trippa') and potatoes *Melanzane ('malangiani') ripiene (stuffed aubergine/egg-plant) *' Pipi Chini' (stuffed capsicum) * Zippuli *''Pitta di San Martino'', San Martino's day (11 November) typical sweet *'' cuzzupe'',

Easter Easter, also called Pascha ( Aramaic: פַּסְחָא , ''paskha''; Greek: πάσχα, ''páskha'') or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in t ...

typical sweet

References

External links

New site of Comune di Pazzano (2006)

Comunità montana Stilaro AllaroDialetto - 'u tripu da cona' on YouTube''Cunfrunti''1 (Feast of Saint Salvatore)on YouTube''Cunfrunti''2 (Feast of Saint Salvatore)on YouTubePazzanese proverb - YouTube
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Calabria Vallata dello Stilaro Articles containing video clips