Pavel Blonsky on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Pavel Petrovich Blonsky (Russian: Павел Петрович Блонский;
May 26 O.S. May 14">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. May 14/abbr>, 1884 – February 15, 1941) was a Russian Soviet Union">Soviet
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
psychologist, philosopher, and founder of Soviet paedology.
Life and work
Blonsky was born in 1884 in Kyiv, then a part of the Russian empire, to a local government official. He was educated firstly at the Second Kyiv Classical Gymnasium, before attending the Kyiv University of St. Volodymyr in 1902. After graduating from the classics department in the fields of history and philosophy, he found employment in teaching positions and scientific endeavors.
Blonsky became steadily involved in the burgeoning Russian socialist movement, specifically with the
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...
, which led to periods of imprisonment and repression throughout his early career.
In 1913, he became a
Privatdozent
''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifi ...
at
Moscow University
Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Al ...
upon obtaining his masters degree, and began traveling to deliver lectures on related subjects. He began to develop his thoughts on education during this time, and debated its intended purpose for the working class. He began to espouse the idea that education should be used as a tool to impart socialist ideals, as well as to prepare students for industrial and factory work.
By 1914, his works were already being published and having significant influence. His first works to be published that year were ''The Place of K. D. Ushinsky in the History of Russian Pedagogy'' and ''Pedagogy of Progress and Humanity.''
Following the
October Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two r ...
, he was made a professor at Moscow University, and was heavily involved with-and became the first leader of- the Academy of Socialist Education. Under his direction, a great deal of scientific research was conducted across various scientific institutes.
Between 1918 and 1930, Blonsky wrote over a hundred works supporting the newfound socialist educational system, and towards advancing his model of education. Blonsky was one of the main theorists of Soviet paedology, and introduced the behaviorist approach in Russian psychology under the label of "objective Marxist psychology".
He worked at the Institute of Psychology for the last ten years of his life in an advisory role.
In 1936, after the publication of "On Paedological Distortions in the System of People's Commissariat of Education", he was severely criticized for his adherence to psychological testing, and for studying innate capabilities between individuals, which contradicted official Soviet ideology. His work and its influence was subsequently disavowed.
He died in 1941 of tuberculosis and was buried at the
Novodevichy Cemetery
Novodevichy Cemetery () is a cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist site.
History
The cemetery was designed by Ivan Mashkov and inaugurated ...
.
Published works
* Задачи и методы народной школы (1916)
Философия Плотина(1918)
Проблема реальности у Беркли.Киев, 1907.
** ''Блонский П. П.'' Проблема реальности у
Беркли. М.: Книжный дом «
ЛИБРОКОМ», 2009. — 160 с. (Из наследия мировой философской мысли: история философии.)
* Современная философия, т. 1-2 (1918—1922)
* Трудовая школа (1919)
* Реформа науки (1920)
* Очерк научной психологии (1921)
* Психологические очерки (1927)
* Очерки детской сексуальности (1928)
* Педология (1934)
Память и мышление(1935, переиздана в 2001)
К проблеме воспоминания.М., Директмедиа Паблишинг, 2008.
* Развитие мышления школьника (1935)
* Избранные педагогические произведения, — М., 1961;
* Избранные психологические произведения. — М., 1964;
* Избранные педагогические и психологические сочинения. Т. 1–2. — М., 1979.
Психологический анализ припоминанияМ., Директмедиа Паблишинг, 2008.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blonsky, Pavel
Ukrainian psychologists
Soviet psychologists
1884 births
1941 deaths
Imperial Moscow University alumni
Psychologists from the Russian Empire
20th-century Russian psychologists
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery