Paulo Fernando de Souza Leite Filho, better known as simply Paulo Filho (; born May 24, 1978), is a Brazilian retired

mixed martial artist Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting, incorpo ...

who last competed in the Middleweight division. A professional competitor from 2000 until 2014, Filho was the last WEC Middleweight Champion, and also competed in

PRIDE Pride is defined by Merriam-Webster as "reasonable self-esteem" or "confidence and satisfaction in oneself". A healthy amount of pride is good, however, pride sometimes is used interchangeably with "conceit" or "arrogance" (among other words) wh ...

DREAM A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. Humans spend about two hours dreaming per night, and each dream lasts around 5 to 20 minutes, al ...

Pancrase Pancrase Inc. is a mixed martial arts promotion company founded in Japan in 1993 by professional wrestlers Masakatsu Funaki and Minoru Suzuki. The name was based on pankration, a fighting sport in the Ancient Olympic Games. Suzuki and Funaki ...

, DEEP, Impact FC, and the World Series of Fighting.

Background

Filho was born in Governador Island to a Jewish-Brazilian dad and a

Pernambuco Pernambuco () is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.6 million people as of 2020, making it seventh-most populous state of Brazil and with around 98,148 km², being the ...

native mom, in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...

, he is the only child and was raised in Cocota until he and his family moved to Zona Sul when Filho was eight years old. It was soon after moving to Copacabana in the Zona Sul area of Rio de Janeiro when Filho began training in

Brazilian jiu-jitsu Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ; pt, jiu-jitsu brasileiro ) is a self-defence martial art and combat sport based on grappling, ground fighting ( ne-waza) and submission holds. BJJ focuses on the skill of taking an opponent to the ground, control ...

at the Carlson Gracie academy, and then also began training in

judo is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of Encyclopedia Nipponica, "Judo") ...

, and later

mixed martial arts Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on strike (attack), striking, grappling and ground f ...

. He did extremely well in

competitions and also in

jiu-jitsu Jujutsu ( ; ja, link=no, 柔術 , ), also known as jiu-jitsu and ju-jitsu, is a family of Japanese martial arts and a system of close combat (unarmed or with a minor weapon) that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner to kill or subd ...

competitions becoming one of Carlson Gracie protege and he received his Black Belt in Jiu-Jitsu from Carlson Gracie himself when he was 20 years old. Filho has stated in several interviews that his career's goal have always been to defend Jiu-Jitsu and specially the Gracie Family as a whole. He has stated that "It is because of this family that I have everything in my life and for that I am forever grateful" He is well respected in the

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ; pt, jiu-jitsu brasileiro ) is a self-defence martial art and combat sport based on grappling, ground fighting ( ne-waza) and submission holds. BJJ focuses on the skill of taking an opponent to the ground, control ...

community not just from fans but from high level competitors that have trained with him and consider him to be one of the best in the world. Filho is also a

pit bull Pit bull is a term used in the United States for a type of dog descended from bulldogs and terriers, while in other countries such as the United Kingdom the term is used as an abbreviation of the American Pit Bull Terrier breed. The term was ...

lover and has a pit bull tattoo in his stomach.

Mixed martial arts career

PRIDE Fighting Championships

During his stint in

, Filho was the only undefeated entrant in the 2006 PRIDE Welterweight Grand Prix, but he did not win the tournament as an injury kept him from the tournament finals. In the semi-finals of the tournament on '' PRIDE Bushido 13'', November 5, 2006, Filho defeated

Kazuo Misaki Kazuo Misaki (born April 25, 1976) is a retired Japanese professional mixed martial artist. A professional competitor from 2001 until 2013, he was the 2006 PRIDE Welterweight (183 lbs) Grand Prix Champion, and also competed in Sengoku, Pancr ...

armbar An armlock in grappling is a single or double joint lock that hyperextends, hyperflexes or hyperrotates the elbow joint or shoulder joint. An armlock that hyper-extends the arm is known as an armbar, and it includes the traditional armbar, p ...

. Unfortunately, Filho suffered a ruptured membrane in his knee during the fight, forcing him to withdraw from the Grand Prix finals match against

Denis Kang Denis Kang (, born September 17, 1977) is a Canadian professional mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Middleweight division. A professional competitor since 1998, Kang has formerly competed for the UFC, PRIDE, DREAM, Impac ...

, who also suffered injury with a torn biceps in the semi-finals. Filho was replaced by Misaki, who went on to defeat an already injured Kang and claim the Grand Prix title. Filho's most notable wins include

, Amar Suloev and Yuki Kondo, as well as Murilo Rua and Ikuhisa Minowa.

World Extreme Cagefighting

He signed with the

World Extreme Cagefighting World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion founded in 2001. It was purchased by Zuffa, LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), in 2006. In its final incarnation, it was mad ...

and fought for the vacant middleweight title on August 5, 2007, at '' WEC 29''. Filho defeated Canadian jiu-jitsu fighter

Joe Doerksen Joseph Daniel Doerksen (born October 9, 1977) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist. A professional from 1999 until 2014, he fought in the UFC, WEC, IFL, King of the Cage, Aggression Fighting Championship, World Victory Road, RINGS, Sup ...

via TKO (strikes) at 4:07 of the first round. His first title defense occurred at WEC 31, where he was awarded a controversial win over 2-time National Wrestling Champion

Chael Sonnen Chael Patrick Sonnen (; born April 3, 1977) is an American submission grappling promoter, mixed martial arts (MMA) analyst, and retired mixed martial artist. Beginning his MMA career in 1997, Sonnen competed for the Ultimate Fighting Champions ...

by armbar at 4:55 in the second round. Due to controversy stemming from the fight stoppage (Sonnen's screams of pain were taken as a verbal submission by the referee, despite his objections), Filho was scheduled to face Sonnen again at WEC 33. However, Filho pulled out of this bout because he had checked into a substance abuse rehab facility. Filho faced Sonnen at

WEC 36 ''WEC 36: Faber vs. Brown'' was a mixed martial arts event held by World Extreme Cagefighting that took place on November 5, 2008 at the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Hollywood, Florida. The event aired live on the Versus Network. Bac ...

on November 5 live on

Versus Versus (Latin, 'against') may refer to: Film and television * ''Versus'' (2000 film), a Japanese zombie film * ''Versus'' (2016 film), a Russian sports drama film * ''Versus'' (2019 film), a French thriller film * Versus (TV channel), form ...

. Filho missed weight for this match, however the contest went ahead as a non-title three round fight. Sonnen dominated the fight and took a unanimous decision victory. Throughout the fight Filho seemed disturbed, disoriented, and confused and his team has associated the episode with his extreme weigh cut. After the WEC's middleweight division was absorbed into the

Ultimate Fighting Championship The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Zuffa, a wholly owned subsidiary of Endeavor Group Holdings. It is the largest MMA ...

in December 2008, Filho became a free agent and decided to take time off as he felt he lost the love for fighting.

DREAM

Filho made his

debut on July 20, 2009, when he took on light heavyweight

Melvin Manhoef Melvin Manhoef (born 11 May 1976) is a retired Surinamese-born Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer. In kickboxing, he is a former It's Showtime Middleweight Champion, and in MMA he was the Cage Rage Light Heavyweight Champion. In mixed mar ...

at Dream 10 in Saitama, Japan. Filho showed great perseverance and a good chin in the fight, weathering an onslaught of strikes from the dangerous Manhoef before executing a powerful takedown that immediately put him in half guard, from which he then swiftly transitioned into a full mount whilst at the same time trapping Melvin's left arm; he quickly secured an

to win the bout in the first round. Filho was scheduled to face Yoon Dong-Sik on October 25, 2009, at Dream 12, but failed to show up and was replaced on the card.

Bitetti Combat

Filho made his debut in one of Brazil's top promotions, Bitetti Combat, on September 12, 2009, at Bitetti Combat's 4th event against Argentinian Alex Schoenauer. Filho controlled throughout the whole fight and pulled off a unanimous decision. He then fought Tatsuhiko Nishizaka on December 12, 2009, at Bitetti Combat 5. He easily took the fight to the ground, controlled and secured a Kimura in the very first round. He was scheduled to fight Yuki Sasaki in the

main event In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to ...

at Bitetti Combat 6 on February 25, 2010, but it was announced on February 22 that he had withdrawn from the bout due to "personal problems". Later that day, it was confirmed that Filho would in fact be fighting Sasaki. Filho then failed to show for the event's weigh-in, forcing a last minute cancellation of his bout with Sasaki.

Bellator Fighting Championships

Filho was scheduled to face Bellator Fighting Championships Middleweight champion Hector Lombard in a non-title bout on May 13, 2010, at

Bellator 18 2010 in Bellator MMA was the second installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships (Bellator FC)-produced series. It started on April 8, 2010 and ended June 24, 2010. Tournaments were held in the featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and ...

, but Filho pulled out of the bout due to visa issues and was replaced by Jay Silva.

Future

Filho made his

Heavyweight Heavyweight is a weight class in combat sports and professional wrestling. Boxing Professional Boxers who weigh over are considered heavyweights by 3 of the 4 major professional boxing organizations: the International Boxing Federation, the W ...

debut and defeated Chilean newcomer Daniel Villegas on June 4, 2010, via first-round submission due to strikes. Filho faced

on July 17, 2010, for the Australian-based promotion Impact Fighting Championships. They fought to a draw. In what came as a surprise decision to many, Filho was invited to participate in the ADCC submission grappling championship in Nottingham, England. Filho withdrew prior to the event due to injury. Paulo fought Satoshi Ishii on September 14, 2011. The bout was ruled a draw.

Retirement

On October 19, 2011 Filho made the announcement he would be retiring from Mixed Martial Arts and may or may not fight at KSW. During an interview Filho stated the reason for his retirement was his long struggle with substance abuse, he regretted that he was so far from where he could have been in MMA.

Back from retirement

Filho returned from retirement to face former UFC fighter Dave Branch in the World Series of Fighting 2 event on March 23, 2013. Filho was dominated by Branch in every aspect of the fight and lost a unanimous decision. Filho fought André Muniz at the Bitetti Combat 19 event on February 6, 2014. He again lost via a one sided unanimous decision. Following

's knockout of Evangelista Santos at Gringo Superfight 10, Filho, who won their first outing by submission, entered the cage and challenged Manhoef to a rematch. Though Manhoef wasn't asked about the possible fight before the challenge, he later accepted, and GSF promoter Antonio Tolentino announced the rematch would take place in November 2014. Filho was expected to face Amilcar Alves at Fatality Arena 7 on September 21, 2014. However, Filho was pulled from the bout due to an apparent seizure. In an interview with MMAFighting.com, Filho stated that it was personal issues that prevented him from competing. Filho's trainer and personal friend Murilo Bustamante has stated that Filho has not "stepped foot at the academy pre-fight" to most of his bouts since WEC days.

Car accident

In 2017 Filho fractured his hip socket and left hand following a car accident where he crashed into another car. He has made a full recovery and spends his time now speaking with children and teaching Jiu-Jitsu in Rio de Janeiro.

Championships and accomplishments

CBJJ World Championships 1999 Black Belt Pesado: 2nd Place 1998 Brown Belt Pesado: 2nd Place 1997 Purple Belt Pesado: 1st Place CBJJ Brazilian Championships 2000 Black Belt Pesado: 2nd Place 1999 Black Belt Pesado: 2nd Place 1998 Brown Belt Pesado: 1st Place 1996 Blue Belt Pesadíssimo: 1st Place He got his Black Belt in Judo in '96 from Clube de Regatas Flamengo. His black belt in BJJ was awarded in 1998, from Carlson Gracie.

Mixed martial arts

PRIDE Fighting Championships PRIDE Fighting Championships (Pride or Pride FC, founded as KRS-Pride) was a Japanese mixed martial arts promotion company. Its inaugural event was held at the Tokyo Dome on October 11, 1997. Pride held more than sixty mixed martial arts eve ...

** 2006 PRIDE Welterweight Grand Prix Finalist *

** WEC Middleweight Championship (One time, Last) **One successful title defense

Submission grappling

* Abu Dhabi Combat Club ** 2005 ADCC Brazilian Trials Champion

Mixed martial arts record

, - , Loss , align=center, 23–6–3 , André Muniz , Decision (unanimous) , Bitetti Combat 19 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 , Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil , , - , Draw , align=center, 23–5–3 , Rodney Wallace , Draw (time limit expired) , Selva MMA 2 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 , Rio Branco, Brazil , , - , Loss , align=center, 23–5–2 , David Branch , Decision (unanimous) , World Series of Fighting 2 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The city is known for its casinos, Boardwalk (entertainment district), boardwalk, and beaches. In 2020 United States censu ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 23–4–2 , Murilo Rua , TKO (punches) , Best of the Best: Filho vs. Ninja II , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 0:47 , Belem, Brazil , , - , Draw , align=center, 22–4–2 , Satoshi Ishii , Draw , Amazon Forest Combat 1 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 , Manaus, Brazil , , - , Loss , align=center, 22–4–1 , Norman Paraisy , Decision (unanimous) , X-Combat Ultra: International Grand Prix , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, Brazil , , - , Loss , align=center, 22–3–1 , Ronny Markes , Decision (unanimous) , International Fighter Championship , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Recife That it may shine on all ( Matthew 5:15) , image_map = Brazil Pernambuco Recife location map.svg , mapsize = 250px , map_caption = Location in the state of Pernambuco , pushpin_map = Brazil#South A ...

, Brazil , , - , Win , align=center, 22–2–1 , Jackson Mora , Decision (split) , World Fighting Combat: Pretorian , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, Brazil , , - , Win , align=center, , Yuki Sasaki , Decision (unanimous) , Bitetti Combat 8 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

, Brazil , , - , Loss , align=center, 20–2–1 ,

Marcos Rogério de Lima Marcos Rogério de Lima (born May 25, 1985) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who competes in the heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional since 2009, he formerly competed for Strikeforce, Shooto, and was a ...

, Decision (unanimous) , First Class Fight 5 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, Brazil , , - , Draw , align=center, 20–1–1 ,

, Draw (split) , Impact FC 2 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 , Sydney, Australia , , - , Win , align=center, 20–1 , Daniel Villegas , TKO (submission to punches) , Memorial Fight Qualifying , , align=center, 1 , align=center, N/A ,

, Brazil , , - , Win , align=center, 19–1 , Tatsuhiko Nishizaka , Submission (kimura) , Bitetti Combat 5 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 3:00 , Barueri, Brazil , , - , Win , align=center, 18–1 , Alex Schoenauer , Decision (unanimous) , Bitetti Combat 4 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, Brazil , , - , Win , align=center, 17–1 ,

, Submission (armbar) , DREAM 10 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 2:35 ,

Saitama, Saitama is the capital and the most populous city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki. It is a city designated by government ordinance. Being in the Greater Tokyo Area and lyi ...

, Japan , , - , Loss , align=center, 16–1 ,

, Decision (unanimous) , WEC 36: Faber vs. Brown , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Hollywood, Florida Hollywood is a city in southern Broward County, Florida, United States, located between Fort Lauderdale and Miami. As of July 1, 2019, Hollywood had a population of 154,817. Founded in 1925, the city grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and is no ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 16–0 ,

, Submission (armbar) , WEC 31 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 4:55 ,

Las Vegas, Nevada Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vega ...

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 15–0 ,

, TKO (punches) , WEC 29 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:07 ,

, United States , , - , Win , align=center, 14–0 ,

, Submission (armbar) , PRIDE Bushido 13 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 9:43 ,

Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of ...

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 13–0 ,

Ryo Chonan is a retired Japanese professional mixed martial artist. A professional competitor from 2001–2013, Chonan competed for the UFC, PRIDE, DEEP, DREAM, Pancrase, and World Victory Road. Chonan is the former DEEP Middleweight Champion and the fo ...

, Submission (armbar) ,

PRIDE Bushido 12 The year 2006 was the 10th year in the history of the Pride Fighting Championships, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. 2006 had 10 events beginning with, ''Pride 31 - Unbreakable''. Title fights Debut Pride FC fighters The f ...

, , align=center, 1 , align=center, 2:30 ,

Nagoya is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and the most p ...

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 12–0 , Gregory Bouchelaghem , Decision (unanimous) ,

PRIDE Bushido 11 The year 2006 was the 10th year in the history of the Pride Fighting Championships, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. 2006 had 10 events beginning with, ''Pride 31 - Unbreakable''. Title fights Debut Pride FC fighters The ...

, , align=center, 2 , align=center, 5:00 , Saitama, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 11–0 , Murilo Rua , Decision (unanimous) , PRIDE Bushido 10 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 10–0 ,

Ryuta Sakurai Ryuta Sakurai (born September 8, 1971) is a Japanese mixed martial artist who currently competes in the middleweight division. A veteran who fought for many companies such as Shooto, Pancrase and PRIDE. Nicknamed Mr. DEEP, he is best known for ...

, Submission (armbar) , PRIDE Bushido 9 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 3:49 ,

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 9–0 , Amar Suloev , Submission (armbar) , PRIDE Bushido 6 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 4:22 ,

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 8–0 , Akira Shoji , Decision (split) , PRIDE Bushido 4 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 7–0 , Daijiro Matsui , Decision (unanimous) , Gladiator FC: Day 2 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...

, South Korea , , - , Win , align=center, 6–0 , Silmar Rodrigo , Decision (unanimous) , Bitetti Combat Nordeste 3 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do Norte (, , ) is one of the states of Brazil. It is located in the northeastern region of the country, forming the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent. The name literally translates as "Great Northern River", re ...

, Brazil , , - , Win , align=center, 5–0 , Akira Shoji , Submission (armbar) , PRIDE 22 , , align=center, 1 , align=center, 2:48 ,

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 4–0 , Yuki Kondo , Decision (unanimous) , DEEP: 2nd Impact , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 3–0 , Ikuhisa Minowa , Decision (unanimous) , Pancrase: Proof 2 , , align=center, 3 , align=center, 5:00 ,

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 2–0 , Keiichiro Yamamiya , KO (punches) , DEEP: 1st Impact , , align=center, 2 , align=center, 0:29 ,

, Japan , , - , Win , align=center, 1–0 , Luiz Claudio das Dores , TKO (submission to punches) , Heroes: Heroes 1 , , align=center, 2 , align=center, N/A ,

, Brazil ,

Submission grappling record

, - , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Result , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Opponent , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Method , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Event , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Date , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Round , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Time , align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0", Notes , - , Win , Flavio Almeida , (Points) , ADCC Brazilian Trials , 2000 , , , -98.9 kg Final , - , Win , Leo Nagao , (Points) , ADCC Brazilian Trials , 2000 , , , -98.9 kg , - , Win , Fernando Margarida , (Points) , ADCC Brazilian Trials , 2000 , , , -98.9 kg , -

References

External links

*
Bio
{{DEFAULTSORT:Filho, Paulo 1978 births Living people Brazilian male mixed martial artists Middleweight mixed martial artists Light heavyweight mixed martial artists Heavyweight mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing judo Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu World Extreme Cagefighting champions Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu Brazilian male judoka People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city)