Patriarch Adrian (; born Andrey, Андрей; 2 October 1638 – 16 October 1700) was the last pre-revolutionary

Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus (), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the title of the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is often preceded by the honorific "His Holiness". As the ordinary of the diocese ...

. According to historian Alexander Avdeyev, the future Patriarch Adrian was born in the last days of September 1638. The years 1627, 1637 and 1639 given in the literature are incorrect. October 2, named as his birthday, is most likely the day of his baptism. Adrian's life path before being appointed Archimandrite of the

Chudov Monastery The Chudov Monastery (; more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by Metropolitan Alexius of Moscow. The monastery was dedicated to the miracle (''chudo'' in Russian) of the Archange ...

remains unknown. Already being a monk, he was known for his piety and virtues to Patriarch Joachim, who in 1678 appointed him Archimandrite of the Chudov Monastery. Managing the monastery, Archimandrite Adrian helped the adjusting of this monastery a lot. Under his supervision, a cathedral church was built in the name of St. Alexius with the Annunciation chapel, and a church in the name of St. Andrew the First-Called. Adrian caught the eye of Patriarch Joachim, when he was still an archmandrite at

. In 1686, Joachim appointed him

metropolitan Metropolitan may refer to: Areas and governance (secular and ecclesiastical) * Metropolitan archdiocese, the jurisdiction of a metropolitan archbishop ** Metropolitan bishop or archbishop, leader of an ecclesiastical "mother see" * Metropolitan ar ...

of Kazan and Sviyazhsk. On 24 August 1690, Adrian was chosen to replace Joachim on his post. Patriarch Adrian was a staunch adherent of traditional norms and opposed

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

reforms Reform refers to the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The modern usage of the word emerged in the late 18th century and is believed to have originated from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement, which ...

(e.g., he criticized Peter's decree on mandatory shaving of beards). Adrian's relations with the

tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

were tense; however, he had to accept some of Peter's criticism about deficiencies in management of the

Russian Orthodox Church The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...

. Adrian sought to eradicate Latinizations in the Church in Ukraine. He introduced a confession requiring bishops-elect to state that the

epiclesis The epiclesis (also spelled epiklesis; from , ) refers to the invocation of one or several gods. In ancient Greek religion, the epiclesis was the epithet used as the surname given to a deity in religious contexts. The term was borrowed into the Ch ...

, rather than the

Words of Institution The Words of Institution, also called the Words of Consecration, are words echoing those of Jesus himself at his Last Supper that, when consecrating bread and wine, Christian eucharistic liturgies include in a narrative of that event. Eucharistic ...

, transforms the gifts at the liturgy into the body and blood of Christ.Nicholas Denysenko
A Liturgical Theology of Primacy in Orthodoxy
p. 198–199 (''Primacy in the Church''
vol. 1
St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2016)

References

Literature

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Adrian Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow 1627 births 1700 deaths 17th-century Russian clergy Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumni