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''Pastil'' is a Filipino dish made with
steamed rice Cooked rice refers to rice that has been cooked either by steaming or boiling. The terms steamed rice or boiled rice are also commonly used. Any variant of Asian rice (both indica and japonica varieties), African rice or wild rice, glutino ...
wrapped in
banana leaves The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrappin ...
with dry shredded beef, chicken, or fish. It originates from the
Maguindanao people The Maguindanaon people are an Austronesian ethnic group from the Philippines. The Maguindanaon are part of wider political identity of Muslims known as Moro, who constitute the third largest ethnic group of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan. The Mag ...
and is a popular, cheap breakfast meal in
Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
, especially among
Muslim Filipinos Islam in the Philippines is the second largest religion in the country, and the faith was the first-recorded monotheistic religion in the Philippines. Historically, Islam reached the Philippine archipelago in the 14th century, through contact ...
. ''Pastil'' is also known as ''patil'', ''patel'', ''patir'', or ''pater'' in
Maranao The Maranao people ( Maranao: ''Bangsa'' ''Mëranaw''; Filipino: ''mga'' ''Maranaw''), also spelled Meranaw, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mi ...
; and ''paster'' in
Iranun The Iranun are an Austronesian ethnic group native to southwestern Mindanao, Philippines. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Maranao, and Maguindanaon, all three groups being denoted as speaking Danao languages and giv ...
.


Description

The meat or fish component of the dish is known as the ''kagikit''. It is usually shredded beef or chicken. The meat is cooked similarly to ''
adobo or (Spanish language, Spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, Edible salt, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. The Portuguese cu ...
'' (but without the vinegar). It is boiled and then shredded. Garlic and onions are sautéed in a pan and the shredded meat is added.
Soy sauce Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of China, Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermentation (food), fermented paste of soybeans, roasted cereal, grain, brine, and ''Aspergillus oryzae'' or ''A ...
(or
oyster sauce Oyster sauce describes a number of sauces made by cooking oysters. The most common in modern use is a viscous dark brown condiment made from oyster extracts,The Times, 22 January 1981; ''Cook Accidentally on purpose'' sugar, salt and water, thi ...
),
black pepper Black pepper (''Piper nigrum'') is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit (the peppercorn), which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit is a drupe (stonefruit) which is about in diameter ...
, and salt to taste are added and allowed to simmer until they evaporate.
Palapa Palapa is a series of communications satellites owned by Indosat, an Indonesian telecommunications company (formerly by Telkom Indonesia, Perumtel and then by PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia/Satelindo). The first satellite was launched in July 197 ...
or chili pastes are also traditionally added since Muslim Filipino dishes are almost always spicy. Shredded grilled fish can also be used; usually ''katipa'' (
walking catfish The walking catfish (''Clarias batrachus'') is a species of freshwater airbreathing catfish native to Southeast Asia. It is named for its ability to "walk" and wiggle across dry land, to find food or suitable environments. While it does not tr ...
) or ''dalag'' (
common snakehead ''Channa striata'', the striped snakehead, is a species of Channidae, snakehead fish. It is also known as the common snakehead, chevron snakehead, or snakehead murrel and generally referred simply as mudfish. It is native to South Asia, South and ...
) mixed with coconut meat. The white rice is mixed with a little
glutinous rice Domestication syndrome refers to two sets of phenotypic traits that are common to either domesticated plants or domesticated animals. Domesticated animals tend to be smaller and less aggressive than their wild counterparts; they may also hav ...
, steamed, placed on oiled
banana leaves The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrappin ...
and wrapped as a thick cylinder with a strip of the meat filling extending along the length of the rice or covering one side of the rice. The leaf is then wrapped around the mixture with the ends tucked inside. The Maranao version of the dish, pater, is usually made with
turmeric Turmeric (), or ''Curcuma longa'' (), is a flowering plant in the ginger family Zingiberaceae. It is a perennial, rhizomatous, herbaceous plant native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia that requires temperatures between and high ...
-infused rice (''kuning'') which gives it a bright yellow color. ''Pastil'' is halal food, and thus pork is never used. ''Pastil'' is traditionally served with vegetables soaked in vinegar as a
side dish A side dish, sometimes referred to as a side order, side item, or simply a side, is a food item that accompanies the entrée or main course at a meal.mung bean sprout Mung bean sprouts are a culinary vegetable grown by sprouting mung beans. They can be grown by placing and watering the sprouted beans in the shade until the hypocotyls grow long. Mung bean sprouts are extensively cultivated and consumed in East ...
s), to neutralize the saltiness of the ''kagikit''. A hard-boiled egg may also be included to complement the meal. It is usually eaten with
coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...
or ''Tsokolate'' (
hot chocolate Hot Chocolate are a British soul band formed by Errol Brown and Tony Wilson. The group had at least one hit song every year on the UK Singles Chart from 1970 to 1984. Their hits include " You Sexy Thing", a UK number two which also made ...
) for breakfast or ''
merienda Merienda is a light meal in southern Europe, particularly Spain (''merenda'' in Galician, ''berenar'' in Catalan), Portugal (''lanche'' or ''merenda'') and Italy (''merenda''), whence the word spread to Serbo-Croatian in, according to dictiona ...
''. ''Pastil'' are commonly sold by restaurants and street vendors in Muslim communities in
Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
and throughout the islands, for example,
General Santos General Santos, officially the City of General Santos and abbreviated as GenSan, is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Regions of the Philippines, region of Soccsksargen, Philippines. According to ...
hosts several restaurants serving this with side dishes. It is also sold as a cheap snack or breakfast in Metro Manila's Muslim areas like Maharlika Village in
Taguig Taguig (), officially the City of Taguig (), is the List of cities in the Philippines, fifth-most populous city in the Philippines situated on the eastern shores of Metro Manila, the national capital region. It is a center for culture, finance ...
and Quiapo in
Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...
. In
Lanao del Sur Lanao del Sur (; Meranaw and ; Jawi ''(Batang Arab)'': ), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi (th ...
,
Lanao del Norte Lanao del Norte ( Cebuano: ''Amihanang Lanao''; ; Maranao: ''Pangotaraan Ranao''), officially the Province of Lanao del Norte, is a province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is Tubod. The province border ...
, and
Northern Mindanao Northern Mindanao (; Maranao language, Maranao: ''Pangotaraan Mindanao''; ) is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five Provinces of the Philippines, provinces: Bukidnon, ...
, restaurants or food stalls that specialize in the Maranao version (''pater'') are called ''pateran''.


Similar dishes

Pastil is similar to northern Filipino wrapped meat dishes like ''
binalot Binalot is a method of wrapping and serving food in the Philippines using banana leaves and alike. The term is derived from the root word ''balot'' (wrap) + -''in''- meaning "wrapped". See also *Pastil - A similar but Halal meal whose preparat ...
'', but it differs by using shredded meat or fish instead of whole meat portions. Its popularity has led to various adaptations outside Mindanao, some of which have sparked controversy. In particular, versions that package pastil in bottles or use pork—prohibited (haram) in Islam—have been criticized for
cultural appropriation Cultural appropriation is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture or cultural identity, identity by members of another culture or identity in a manner perceived as inappropriate or unacknowledged. Such a controversy typically ari ...
. The National Commission on Muslim Filipinos launched an investigation into misleadingly labeled non-halal dishes, including "pork pastil," "palapork," "pork biryani," and "pork shawarma." A Bangsamoro official urged the public to avoid calling any wrapped dish made with pork "pastil" and to use alternative names instead. However, they expressed support for the broader appreciation of pastil beyond the Muslim community.


See also

*
Lemper ''Lemper'' is an Cuisine of Indonesia, Indonesian savoury snack made of glutinous rice filled with seasoned shredded Chicken (food), chicken, fish ''abon'' (meat floss) or serundeng. The specific ''lemper'' filled with seasoned shredded chicken ...
*
Panyalam ''Panyalam'' or ''panyam'', is a traditional Philippine cuisine, Filipino-Moro people, Bangsamoro fried rice cake, rice pancake. It is made with galapong, ground glutinous rice, ''muscovado'' (or brown sugar), and coconut milk mixed into a bat ...
* Piyoso * Suman *
Tiyula itum ''Tiyula itum'' ( English: "black soup") is a Filipino braised beef or goat soup or a stew dish which originally was made by the Tausug people. The dish is characteristically black due to the unique use of charred coconut meat. Etymology The ...
*
Onigiri , also known as or , is a Japanese cuisine, Japanese rice ball made from white rice. It is usually formed into triangular or cylindrical shapes, and wrapped in ''nori'' (seaweed). Onigiri traditionally have sour or salty fillings such as ''um ...


External links

*


References

{{Filipino food Philippine rice dishes Philippine beef dishes