''Parvoplaca'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of lichen-forming

fungi A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...

in the family

Teloschistaceae The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation ...

. The genus was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every po ...

in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup.

Species

*''

Parvoplaca athallina ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *'' Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctic ...

'' *''

Parvoplaca candanii ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *''Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctica ...

'' – Antarctica *''

Parvoplaca chelyae ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *'' Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctic ...

'' *''

Parvoplaca lamprocarpa ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *'' Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctic ...

'' – Alaska *''

Parvoplaca macroborealis ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *'' Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctic ...

'' –

Oregon Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idah ...

, USA *''

Parvoplaca nigroblastidiata ''Parvoplaca nigroblastidiata'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Europe and Alaska, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Ulf Arup, Jan Vondrák, and Mehmet Ha ...

'' – Europe;

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S ...

*''

Parvoplaca servitiana ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *'' Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctic ...

'' *''

Parvoplaca suspiciosa ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *'' Parvoplaca athallina'' *'' Parvoplaca candanii'' – Antarctic ...

'' *''

Parvoplaca tenebrosa ''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup. Species *''Parvoplaca athallina'' *''Parvoplaca ...

'' – Oregon, USA *''

Parvoplaca tiroliensis ''Parvoplaca tiroliensis'' is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae, and the type species of the genus ''Parvoplaca''. It is widely distributed, and has been recorded growing on a variety of , including moss, dead plant m ...

Description

''Parvoplaca'' is a genus of

crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cor ...

s with small, usually yellow or blackened

apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are mo ...

. The

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, ...

s are with a

septum In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interat ...

. No

pycnidia A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or in ...

are seen.

Distribution and habitat

''Parvoplaca'' is mainly distributed in

polar regions The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles. These high latitudes are dominated by flo ...

but also in the

boreal Boreal may refer to: Climatology and geography *Boreal (age), the first climatic phase of the Blytt-Sernander sequence of northern Europe, during the Holocene epoch *Boreal climate, a climate characterized by long winters and short, cool to mild ...

zone and the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on th ...

. Species of ''Parvoplaca'' generally grow on moss or detritus but are also found growing on

bark Bark may refer to: * Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant such as a tree or stick * Bark (sound), a vocalization of some animals (which is commonly the dog) Places * Bark, Germany * Bark, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Arts, en ...

References

Lichen genera Teloschistales Taxa described in 2013 Teloschistales genera Taxa named by Ulrik Søchting Taxa named by Patrik Frödén Taxa named by Ulf Arup {{Teloschistales-stub