An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in
proportional
Proportionality, proportion or proportional may refer to:
Mathematics
* Proportionality (mathematics), the property of two variables being in a multiplicative relation to a constant
* Ratio, of one quantity to another, especially of a part compare ...
or
mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality
electoral systems
An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...
. An electoral list can be registered by a
political party (a party list) or can constitute a group of independent candidates. Lists can be
open, in which case electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates, or
closed
Closed may refer to:
Mathematics
* Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set
* Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points
* Closed interval, ...
, in which case the order of candidates is fixed at the registration of the list.
Electoral lists are required for
party-list proportional representation systems.
An electoral list is made according to the applying
nomination rules and
election rules. Depending on the type of election, a
political party, a
general assembly, or a board meeting, may elect or appoint a
nominating committee
A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly. A committee is not itself considered to be a form of assembly. Usually, the assembly sends matters into a committee as a way to explore them mor ...
that will add, and if required, prioritize list-candidates according to their preferences. Qualification, popularity, gender, age, geography, and occupation are preferences that may influence the committee's work. The committee's proposed list may then be changed in a selection meeting, where new candidates may be added, or existing candidates may be moved or removed from the list. When the internal process is over, the final list is made public. The list may be printed on the
ballot paper cast by voters at the election, or on a separate voter information paper.
Replacement lists
When an elected representative vacates their seat, the
casual vacancy in a list-PR system is typically filled by the highest-ranked candidate on the departed representative's list who was not already elected. For personal or party-strategic reasons, this person may choose to cede the place to a lower-ranked colleague.
Replacement lists are sometimes used to fill casual vacancies in
single transferable vote electoral systems. An example is
European Parliament elections in Ireland since
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
.
[Originally th]
European Assembly Elections Act, 1984
(which had it
Dáil second reading on 21 March 1984
; now th
European Parliament Elections Act 1997
section
12 (as substituted)
and 19 and Second Schedule Part XIII
See also
*
Electoral alliance
References
{{Voting methods, state=collapsed
Elections
Electoral systems
Party-list proportional representation
Public choice theory
Social choice theory
Voting theory
Mixed electoral systems