''Parnara'' is a genus of
butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises t ...
in the family
Hesperiidae
Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally called butterflies. They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea; however, the most recent taxonomy ...
, the skippers. They are native to
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...
,
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
and
Australia.
[Chiba, H. and J. N. Eliot. (1991)]
A revision of the genus ''Parnara'' Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), with special reference to the Asian species.
''Tyô to Ga'' 42(3), 179-94.
These are small, brown skippers that have thin, translucent spots on their wings.
[
]
Species
Species include:
*''Parnara amalia
''Parnara amalia'', the hyaline swift or orange swift, is a species of butterfly in the family Skipper (butterfly), Hesperiidae, the skippers. It occurs in Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, as well as the Australian states of New South Wales, the ...
'' (Semper, 879
*''Parnara apostata
''Parnara'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, the skippers. They are native to Asia, Africa and Australia.Chiba, H. and J. N. Eliot. (1991)A revision of the genus ''Parnara'' Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), with special refe ...
'' (Snellen, 880
__NOTOC__
Year 880 ( DCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Battle of Cephalonia: A Byzantine fleet, under Admiral Nasar, is se ...
**''P. a. apostata'' Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, S.Burma, Java, Bali
**''P. a. andra'' Evans, 1949 Borneo
**''P. a. debdasi'' Chiba & Eliot, 1991 Nepal
**''P. a. hulsei'' Devyatkin & Monastyrskii, 1999 South Yunnan
*'' Parnara bada'' (Moore, 1878) – Ceylon swift
*''Parnara batta
''Parnara'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, the skippers. They are native to Asia, Africa and Australia.Chiba, H. and J. N. Eliot. (1991)A revision of the genus ''Parnara'' Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), with special refe ...
'' Evans, 1949 Southeast China
*'' Parnara ganga'' Evans, 1937 – continental swift
*'' Parnara guttata'' (Bremer & Grey, 852
__NOTOC__
Year 852 ( DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* March 4 – Trpimir I, duke ('' knez'') of Croatia, and founder of the ...
– straight swift
*'' Parnara kawazoei'' Chiba & Eliot, 1991 Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
*'' Parnara monasi'' (Trimen, 1889) – water watchman
*''Parnara naso
''Parnara naso'', the African straight or straight swift, is a skipper butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found on Mauritius, Réunion and Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madaga ...
'' (Fabricius, 1798)
*''Parnara ogasawarensis
''Parnara ogasawarensis'' is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae). It is endemic to the Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , are an archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands, some directly south o ...
'' Matsumura, 1906 Bonin Islands (Japan)
Biology
The larvae feed on Gramineae
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and ...
including ''Bambusa
''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).
The ...
'', ''Oryza
''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species ''Oryza sativa'' and ''Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annual a ...
'', ''Apluda
''Apluda'' is a genus of plants in the grass family native to Asia and to various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
The only known species is ''Apluda mutica'', native to Central Asia, China (incl. Taiwan + Tibet), Japan (incl Ry ...
'', ''Bothriochloa
''Bothriochloa'' is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family native to many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. They are often called beardgrass, bluegrass or bluestem.
The etymology of the genus name ''Bo ...
'', ''Colocasia
''Colocasia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to southeastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Some species are widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions.
The names elephant-ear ...
'', ''Imperata
''Imperata'' is a small but widespread genus of tropical and subtropical grasses, commonly known as satintails.
Satintail grass species are perennial rhizomatous herbs with solid, erect stems and silky inflorescences. The best known species is ...
'', ''Microstegium
''Microstegium'' is a genus of African, Asian, and Pacific Island plants in the sorghum tribe within the grass family. Browntop is a common name.
; Species
; formerly included
see '' Ischaemum Schizachyrium''
* ''Microstegium pseudeulalia - ...
'', '' Zea'', ''Saccharum
''Saccharum'' is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family.
The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and assorted ocea ...
''[Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London]
nhm hosts
/ref>
References
External links
''Parnara''.
Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum.
Images representing ''Parnara''
at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...
Hesperiinae
Hesperiidae genera
{{Hesperiinae-stub