''Parnara'' is a genus of

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

in the family

Hesperiidae Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilion ...

, the skippers. They are native to

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

.Chiba, H. and J. N. Eliot. (1991)
A revision of the genus ''Parnara'' Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), with special reference to the Asian species.
''Tyô to Ga'' 42(3), 179-94. These are small, brown skippers that have thin, translucent spots on their wings.

Species

Species include: *''

Parnara amalia ''Parnara amalia'', the hyaline swift or orange swift, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, the skippers. It occurs in Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, as well as the Australian states of New South Wales, the Northern Territory, a ...

'' (Semper,

879 __NOTOC__ Year 879 ( DCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April 10 – King Louis the Stammerer dies at Compiègne, after a reign of 18 months. He is succeeded by hi ...

*'' Parnara apostata'' (Snellen,

880 __NOTOC__ Year 880 ( DCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Battle of Cephalonia: A Byzantine fleet, under Admiral Nasar, is sent by Emperor Basil I to the Ionian Isl ...

**''P. a. apostata'' Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, S.Burma, Java, Bali **''P. a. andra'' Evans, 1949 Borneo **''P. a. debdasi'' Chiba & Eliot, 1991 Nepal **''P. a. hulsei'' Devyatkin & Monastyrskii, 1999 South Yunnan *'' Parnara bada'' (Moore, 1878) – Ceylon swift *''

Parnara batta ''Parnara'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, the skippers. They are native to Asia, Africa and Australia.Chiba, H. and J. N. Eliot. (1991)A revision of the genus ''Parnara'' Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), with special refer ...

'' Evans, 1949 Southeast China *'' Parnara ganga'' Evans, 1937 – continental swift *'' Parnara guttata'' (Bremer & Grey,

852 __NOTOC__ Year 852 (Roman numerals, DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 4 – Trpimir I of Croatia, Trpimir I, duke (''Knyaz, knez'') of Duchy of Croatia, Croatia, an ...

– straight swift *''

Parnara kawazoei ''Parnara'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, the skippers. They are native to Asia, Africa and Australia.Chiba, H. and J. N. Eliot. (1991)A revision of the genus ''Parnara'' Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), with special refer ...

'' Chiba & Eliot, 1991 Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi *'' Parnara monasi'' (Trimen, 1889) – water watchman *''

Parnara naso ''Parnara naso'', the African straight or straight swift, is a skipper butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found on Mauritius, Réunion and Madagascar. The habitat consists of forest margins and anthropogenic environments. The ...

'' (Fabricius, 1798) *''

Parnara ogasawarensis ''Parnara ogasawarensis'' is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae). It is endemic to the Bonin Islands The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a list of islands of Japan, Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and Island# ...

'' Matsumura, 1906 Bonin Islands (Japan)

Biology

The larvae feed on

Gramineae Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated i ...

including ''

Bambusa ''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft). They ...

'', ''

Oryza ''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species '' Oryza sativa'' and '' Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annua ...

'', ''

Apluda ''Apluda'' is a genus of plants in the grass family native to Asia and to various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The only known species is ''Apluda mutica'', native to Central Asia, China (incl. Taiwan + Tibet), Japan (incl Ryukyu Is ...

'', ''

Bothriochloa ''Bothriochloa'' is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family native to many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. They are often called beardgrass, bluegrass or bluestem. Some species are invasive in areas wh ...

'', ''

Colocasia ''Colocasia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Some species are widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions. The names elephant-ear and ...

'', ''

Imperata ''Imperata'' is a small but widespread genus of tropical and subtropical grasses, commonly known as satintails. Satintail grass species are perennial rhizomatous herbs with solid, erect stems and silky inflorescences. The best known species is ...

'', ''

Microstegium ''Microstegium'' is a genus of African, Asian, and Pacific Island plants in the sorghum tribe within the grass family. Browntop is a common name. ; Species ; formerly included see '' Ischaemum Schizachyrium ''Schizachyrium'' is a widespr ...

'', '' Zea'', ''

Saccharum ''Saccharum'' is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family. The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and assorted oceani ...

''Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London
nhm hosts
/ref>

References

External links

*
''Parnara''.
Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum.
Images representing ''Parnara''
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

Hesperiinae Hesperiidae genera Taxa named by Frederic Moore Taxa described in 1881 {{Hesperiinae-stub